ch 10 social psych

What is emotion

feeling or affect that occurs when an individual is engaged in an interaction that is important to them, especially to their well being

what are emotions influenced by

bio foundations

cognitive influences

a persons experience

how does biology influence emotions

amygdala

brainstem

hippocampus

how does cognition influence emotions

heart pounding

panic attack, lead to labels

how does a persons experience influence emotions

the people and environements as well as context

what is emotion regulation

effectively managing arousal to adapt to circumstances and to reach a goal

what is arousal

state of alertness or activation which can reach levels too high for affective functioning

what does emotion regulation look like in infancy to early childhood

regulation shifts from external sources to internal

what is an emotional coaching parent

using negative emotions to assist labeling and dealing with emotions effectively

what are emotion dismissing parents

denying, ignoring, or changing negative emotions

what are primary emotions

emotions present in early life amongst humans and other animals

what are examples of primary emotions

joy

sadness

fear

disgust

anger

surprise

interest

what are self conscious emotions

appear after 18 mo when a sense of self becomes consolidated in toddlers

what are examples of self conscious emotions

empathy

jealousy

embarasment

pride

shame

guilt

when do primary emotions appear

6 mo

what is the basic cry

Rhythmic pattern usually consisting of a cry, a brief silence, a shorter inspiratory whistle that is higher-pitched than the main cry, and then a brief rest before the next cry

what is an anger cry

similar to a basic cry but with more air forced through vocal cords

what is a pain cry

sudden initial cry followed by breath holding w/o moaning

what is a reflexive smile

@ 1st month of life, not in response to external stimuli

sleeping

what is a social smile

in response to external stimuli

4-6 wks

what is stranger anxiety

@ 18 mo

when does stranger anxiety start

6 mo

when does stranger anxiety peak

9 mo

what is separation protest

crying when parent leaves

when does separation protest occur

13-15 mo

how does emotion regulation begin

gradually and contextually

what does emotion development look like in a 2-4 yo

increase in the # of term used to describe emotions

“how do my emotions impact adults, how will they react?

what does emotion development look like in 4-5 yo

increased ability to reflect on emotions

what does emotion development look like in 5 yo

accurately identify emotions produced by challenging sitautions and ways to cope

what is emotion regulation important for

social competence (understand others’ emotions)

executive function (attention, plan ahead)

success in peer relationships (making friends and healthy friendships)

what are developmental changes of emotion in mid and late childhood

improved emotional understanding

ability to intentionally suppress or hide emotions

take into fuller account the events leading to emotional reactions

capacity for genuine empathy

how does emotional development look like in adolescence

NOT a constant state of emotional turmoil

emotional highs and lows increase in early adolesnce

intense emotions might seem out of proportion

depression in more common and increasing

what does emotional development look like in adults

effective emotional adaptation increases w/ emotional intelligence

more positive and less negative emotion than YA

socioeconomic selective theory

what is the gender difference of adults in response to and experience of emotion and stress

women more reactive to social stressors (tend and befriend when stressed)

men= fight or flight (become aggressive, fight, drink alc, leave, or cope with drugs)

What is the socioeconomic selective theory

fewer friends but closer relationships

what is temperament

individual’s behavioral style and characteristic way of responding

according to chess and Thomas, how many clusters of temperament are there

3

easy

difficult

slow to warm up

what is temperament influenced by

physiological characteristics

parental reactions based on gndr and culture

goodness of fit

what is goodness of fit

match between children’s temperament and environmental fit

what is an easy temperament

happy easy going

how many kids have an easy temperamnent

40%

what is a difficult temperament

react negatively and cry frequently

slow to accept changes and hard to soothe

how many kids have a difficult temperamnet

10%

how many kids have a slow to warm up temperament

15%

what is a slow to warm up temperamnent

low intensity mood, hard time to adjust

what is attachment

a close emotional bond btw 2 ppl

how many phases of attachemnt did John Bowlby

4

what is the first stage of attachment according to Bolwby

birth- 2 mo

Infants direct their attachment to human figures

humans elicit smiling or crying from an infant

what is the second phase of attachment from Bolwby

2-7 mo

attachment becomes focused on one figure, usually caregiver as baby learns to distinguish familiar from unfamiliar

what is the third phase of attachment from Bowlby

7-24 mo

specific attachment develops

increased locomotor skills, babies seek contact w regular caregivers

what is phase 4 of attachement from Bowlby

24 mo and on

children become aware of others feelings, goals, and plans and begin taking this into account in forming their own actions

who was Mary Ainssworth and what did she believe

she conducted the strange situation study and believed in 4 attachament styles

what attachement styles did Ainsowrth belive in

secure attachment

insecure attachment

insecure avoidant

insecure resistant

what is the strange situation study

observational measure of infant attachment to a caregiver that requires the infant to move through a series of introductions, separation, and reunions w careguver and an adult stranger in a prescribed order

what is a securely attached child

children who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment

what is an insecure avoidant child

child who show insecurity by avoiding caregiver

what is insecure resistant children

children who might cling to the caregiver, then rersist by fighting against the closeness'

maybe by kicking or pushing away

what is an insecure disorganized child

children who show insecurity by being disorganized and disoriented

what does attachement look like in mid and late childhood

attachement becomes more sophisticated and includes more people w age

what is secure attachement linked to in mid and late childhood

lower levels of internalized symptoms, anxiety, & depression

higher levels of emotional regulation

less difficulty identifying emotion

what are the three common dating stages

11-13 yo

14-16 yo

17-19 yo

what does dating stage from 11-13 yo

entry into romantic attractions and affiliations

what does dating stage from 14-16 yo

exploring romantic relationships

casual dating

what does dating stage from 17-19 yo

consolidating dyadic romantic bonds

10% have not dated yet

what does early dating and relationships link to

social acceptance, friendship, and romantic competence

increased substance use, delinquency, sexual behavior, adolescent pregnancy, depression

what are adult attachement styles

secure

avoidant

anxious

what is the difference of adults romantic dating

count of rom partners to be a secure base in stressful times

how many adults are in a secure attachment style

60-80%

what is an avoidant attachment style in adults

hesitant to get into a relationship and pull away

what is an anxious attachment in adults

jealous, possessive, demand closeness, more emotional, less trusting

what is attachment in adults like

fewer attachment relationships

Attachment anxiety decreases

what is romantic love

strong components of sexuality and infatuation

often predominates in early part of love relationship

can happen in person and over the internet

what is affectionate love

desire to have the other person near and a deep caring affection for them

what happens as love matures

passion gives way to affection

early adulthood, communication and sexual intimacy

later adulthood, emotional security and loyalty