Animal Diversity III

What is the deuterostomia clade

• radial indeterminate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus

• echniodermata

• chordata

what is the phylum echinodermata

• dwa stars, urchins, cucumbers and sand dollars

• bilateral larva

• have calcium carbonate endoskeleton

• water vascular system: network of fluid-filled canals which do feeding and gas exchange

what are phylum chordata

• notochord: flexible support structure along dorsal surface

• dorsal hollow nerve cord: tube of nervous system tissue dorsal to notochord

• pharyngeal slits: folds/openings in throat regions

• post-anal tail: tail that extends posterior to anus

what are basal chordates

• lancelets and tunicates

• invertebrate, marine suspension feeders

• 1 hox cluster

what are vertebrate derived traits

• bone or cartilage (replaces notochord)

• 2 or more hox clusters

  • increased genetic and developmental complexity —> more complex body plan

what are the phylum’s in vertebrae’s

• basal vertebrae’s

• gnathostomes

• osteichthyes

• lobe-fins

• tetrapods

• amniotes

what are basal vertebrae’s

• „jawless” fish

• have cartilage not bone

what are gnathostomes

• derived traits: hinged jaw, bony skeleton, 4 hox clusters

• basal clade: chondrichthyes

what are osteichthyes

• derived traits: lungs, swim bladder

• basal clade: actinopterygii

what are lobe fins

• derived traits: muscular limbs and fins

• houses all terrestrial vertebrae’s

• basal clade: actinistia

what are tetrapods

• derived traits: 4 limbs with digits, neck and fused pelvic girdle

what are amniotes

• derived traits: amniotic egg and rib age ventilation

• amnoin: membrane around embryo to prevent desiccation

what are the derived traits of mammals

• mammary glands

• give birth to live young

• endothermy — warm blooded

what are eutherians

• placental mammals

• shave a long gestation period

• most mammals are these

what are the derived traits of primates

• large brain

• grasping hands and feet

• forward facing eyes

• high parental care

• complex social behavior

• for some, opposable thumbs

what are hominins

• the overall group for the human side of chimps

• contains ancestral homonins and homo sapiens

what are the two types of ancestral hominins

• australopiths: upright posture

• genus homo

• homo neanderthalensis: europe and asia interbreed with homo sapiens

what are homo sapiens

• modern humans