MEC term 3

Upward

movement from a class to the one above (one of main)

Downward

movement from a class to the one below (one of main)

Intragenerational

the movement of an individual from one class to another through his job

Intergenerational

the movement between the generations of the family through education

Long range social mobility

the movement of a person through more than one social class

Short range social mobility

the movement of a person for only one social class

Self-recruited social mobility

staying the same social class as the family

Causes of social mobility

Educational achievement, marriage, inheritance, changes in employment/jobs, home background

Barriers to social mobility

descrimination based on gender or ethnicity, lack of qualifications and skills, home background

problems of measuring the extent of social mobility

• studies focus on men and ignore women

• people are asked to remember earlier jobs that they may have forgotten resulting in unreliable data

• the age of respondents, young people working temporary jobs that don’t reflect their social class

how is the economic welfare of a country measured

the real wages of its workers

mid 40’s

decline, end of ww2

mid 50’s

rise, nationalizing of the suez canal and businesses

mid 60’s

decline, the defeat in 1967 war

mid 70’s

rise, migration of workers to rich oil countries

mid 80’s

decline, the drop of oil prices

the change in servants through time, mid 40’s - early 50’s

Servants came from the countryside, they were young girls averagely 10 years old, they were unpaid, they knew nothing abt city life, they were on demand 24/7, any extras provided were out of the generosity of the master, the ratio between servants and master’s salary was 500:1

the change in servants through time, mid 60’s

they were wives of workers in city because rural families can provide to their children now, and the rise of the proportion of working class in the city. Maids have specific working times and tasks, they work for a wage, the ratio between servants and master’s salary was 20:1

sexism

any expression based on the idea that some people are inferior because of their sex

intimate partner violence

any behavior by an intimate partner or ex that causes harm, its a type of domestic violence which is violence that occurs within the private sphere,

femicide

the intentional killing of a woman because shes a woman, its the most extreme form of violence against women

human trafficking

its a global crime that trades in people and uses them for profit, women are usually targets for sexual exploitation.

female gential mutilation

cutting or injuring female genitals for non-medical reasons, mostly done to girls between birth and 15 years, health risks: bleeding, shock, HIV risk, pain, infection, child birth problems, new born death. mental health effects: loss of trust, anxiety, depression.

child, early, and forced marriage

when one or both parties are under 15, its harmful because of early and frequent pregnancies, higher risk of health problems, less power in family decisions, drop out of school.

online or technology facilitated violence

any harmful act using digital tools or technology. types of harm: it can cause or increase physical, sexual, psychological harms. most at risk are women using digital tools

poverty

when a person actually is or feels himself to be short of the things that are essential for living

wealth

a large amount of money or valuable possessions that a person has

Primary poverty or absolute poverty

when someone doesn't have enough money to meet the basic needs for a person to live.

Secondary poverty or relative poverty

when a person does not have the things that a society considers important for decent life

Figures have shown that the people in First World countries who suffer from

secondary poverty tend to be in one or more of the following categories:

the elderly living on a fixed income or a state pension

 the disabled

 low paid people with large families

 single parents

 the unemployed

 people living in the declining industrial regions

supplementary benefit

Supplementary benefit is paid to people who have no other income and is a very low

level of payment. The government believes that this sum of money paid to people is

enough to maintain life at a basic level; others would say that this is a very low

payment.