a and p male reproductive

primary sex organs

testes and ovaries

what do gonads produce

gametes

what are male and female gametes

sperm and egg

what are the male sex hormones

androgens (testosterone) M

what are the female sex hormones

estrogen and progesterone (F)

what do the testes do

sperm producing male gonads within the scrotum

what is the sperm pathway

testes (seminiferous tubules) - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct - urethra (exits)

what are the male accessory sex organs

seminal glands, prostate, bulbo-urethra glands

what is the scrotum

sac of skin around testes

what does the bulbourethral gland do

produce semen to aid in sperm delivery

what is the temp of the scrotum

3:C less than core body temp (optimal for sperm production)

what are the two muscles of the scrotum/testes

dartos

cremaster

what is the dartos muscle

smooth involuntary muscle that wrinkles to pull testes closer to the body (external)

what is the cremaster muscle

bands of muscle that elevates/lower testes (internal)

what are the two serous membranes around the testicles

tunica vaginalis

tunica albuginea (white)

what is the tunica vaginalis

outer layer (peritoneum) - visceral and parietal with serous fluid in between

what is the tunica albuginea

inner layer forms fibrous capsule

what does the tunica albuginea form

the septa

what does the septa contain

about 250 lobules which contin 1-4 seminiferous tubules

what do each lobule come together to form

the straight tube

what are the spermatogenic cells

sperm making cells

what are rete testes

round, traffic circle inside testes that takes all sperm and merges/moves to epididymis

what is the blood supply to the testes

spermatic cord which contains the pampiniform venous plexus

what are the four parts of the penis

root - attaches to body

body - shaft

glans - end

prepuce - foreskin

what percent of the us is circumcised

60%

what % is HIV/STD risk lowered when circumcised

60%

what are the two erectile tissues

corpus spongiosum

corpus cavernosum

describe corpus spongiosum

surrounds urethra and continues to glans

describe corpus cavernosum

ends in the shaft

how do the erectile tissues erect

fill with blood

what is the duct system

carries sperm and semen through and out of the body

what are the different pieces of the duct system

epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra

describe the epididymis

(on the posterior portion of the testes) where the underdeveloped sperm passes (20 days) and becomes mature at the tail. contracts during ejaculation expelling into the vas deferens

describe the vas deferens

(45cm long tube) carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct. mainly muscle to move sperm

what is a vasectomy

cutting the vas deferens so that sperm cannot travel. 100% birth control but it is reversable

describe the urethra

provides flow of both urine and semen and opens at external urethral orifice

name the three regions of the urethra

prostatic urethra (in the prostate)

intermediate (membranous)

spongy urethra (runs through spongiosum)

describe the seminal glands

(posterior bladder surface) produces viscous alkaline seminal fluid(component of semen). aids in motility and fertility

what percent of semen value is from seminal glands

70%

describe the prostate

encircles the urethra, secretes milky white fluid and aids in sperm health and activation.

what percent of semen volume is from prostate

20-30%

describe the bulbourethral gland

pea-sized glands inferior to prostate, produce thick, clear mucus during sex that lubricate and nuetralize acid

what is semen

everything (sperm and secretions)

how much semen is ejected

2-5ml

how much sperm is in semen

20-150million sperm / ml

what is the penis sexual response in men

becomes erect

corpus cavnerosum expands and blocks drainage

corpus spongiosum keeps urethra open

describe ejaculation

propulsion of semen from male duct system

bladder sphincter constricts and contents of ducts and glands are emptied

what are the ejaculation muscles

bulbospongiosus muscles

what is erectile dysfunction

nerves don’t stimulate enough blood flow - take Viagra

what is spermatogenesis

sperm production

how many chromosomes do male gametes have

23

what is meiosis

formation of sex cells

how many rounds are in meiosis and how many cells does it make

2 rounds, 4 daughter cells

how many chromosomes are in a diploid

46

how many chromosomes are in a haploid

23

where does meiosis occur

testes and ovaries

what does meiosis create

genetic diversity

what is chiasmata

crossover of mom and dads genes into chromosomes

sequence of sperm production

hypothalamus releases GnRH

binds to anterior pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropins + FSH/LH

FSH stimulates spermiogenesis indirectly by releasing an androgen-binding protein

when does spermatogenesis begin

begins during puberty

how long is sperm stored in epididymis

64-72 days

what structures regulate production of gametes and hormones

hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, and testes