parasitology

Entamoeba histolytica - invasive stage

Mature cyst

Entamoeba histolytica - transmission

Fecal-oral (contaminated food/water)

Entamoeba histolytica - pathogenic form

Trophozoite (magna form)

Entamoeba histolytica - morphology

Amoeboid, pseudopodia, ingested RBCs

Entamoeba histolytica - sample

Stool

Entamoeba coli - invasive stage

Cyst

Entamoeba coli - transmission

Fecal-oral

Entamoeba coli - pathogenic form

Non-pathogenic

Entamoeba coli - morphology

Multiple nuclei (up to 8)

Entamoeba coli - sample

Stool

Entamoeba gingivalis - invasive stage

Trophozoite

Entamoeba gingivalis - transmission

Oral contact

Entamoeba gingivalis - pathogenic form

Non-pathogenic

Entamoeba gingivalis - morphology

No cyst form

Entamoeba gingivalis - sample

Gingival scrapings

Balantidium coli - invasive stage

Cyst

Balantidium coli - transmission

Fecal-oral (pigs)

Balantidium coli - pathogenic form

Trophozoite

Balantidium coli - morphology

Ciliated, macronucleus

Balantidium coli - sample

Stool

Giardia lamblia - invasive stage

Cyst

Giardia lamblia - transmission

Fecal-oral

Giardia lamblia - pathogenic form

Trophozoite

Giardia lamblia - morphology

Pear-shaped, 2 nuclei ("face")

Giardia lamblia - sample

Stool

Trichomonas vaginalis - invasive stage

Trophozoite

Trichomonas vaginalis - transmission

Sexual

Trichomonas vaginalis - pathogenic form

Trophozoite

Trichomonas vaginalis - morphology

Flagella, undulating membrane

Trichomonas vaginalis - sample

Vaginal/urethral discharge

Trypanosoma gambiense - invasive stage

Trypomastigote

Trypanosoma gambiense - transmission

Tsetse fly bite

Trypanosoma gambiense - pathogenic form

Trypomastigote

Trypanosoma gambiense - morphology

Elongated with flagellum

Trypanosoma gambiense - sample

Blood/CSF

Trypanosoma cruzi - invasive stage

Trypomastigote

Trypanosoma cruzi - transmission

Reduviid bug (feces)

Trypanosoma cruzi - pathogenic form

Amastigote

Trypanosoma cruzi - morphology

Intracellular form

Trypanosoma cruzi - sample

Blood/tissue

Leishmania donovani - invasive stage

Promastigote

Leishmania donovani - transmission

Sandfly

Leishmania donovani - pathogenic form

Amastigote

Leishmania donovani - morphology

Inside macrophages

Leishmania donovani - sample

Bone marrow

Plasmodium spp. - invasive stage

Sporozoite

Plasmodium spp. - transmission

Anopheles mosquito

Plasmodium spp. - pathogenic form

RBC trophozoite

Plasmodium spp. - morphology

Ring forms in RBCs

Plasmodium spp. - sample

Blood smear

Toxoplasma gondii - invasive stage

Oocyst/tissue cyst

Toxoplasma gondii - transmission

Cats, undercooked meat

Toxoplasma gondii - pathogenic form

Tachyzoite

Toxoplasma gondii - morphology

Crescent-shaped

Toxoplasma gondii - sample

Blood/tissue

Fasciola hepatica - invasive stage

Metacercaria

Fasciola hepatica - transmission

Water plants

Fasciola hepatica - pathogenic form

Adult worm

Fasciola hepatica - morphology

Leaf-shaped

Fasciola hepatica - sample

Stool

Schistosoma spp. - invasive stage

Cercaria

Schistosoma spp. - transmission

Skin penetration in water

Schistosoma spp. - pathogenic form

Adult worm

Schistosoma spp. - morphology

Blood fluke

Schistosoma spp. - sample

Urine/stool

Taenia solium - invasive stage

Cysticercus

Taenia solium - transmission

Undercooked pork

Taenia solium - pathogenic form

Larval cyst (cysticercosis)

Taenia solium - morphology

Hooks on scolex

Taenia solium - sample

Stool/tissue

Taenia saginata - invasive stage

Cysticercus

Taenia saginata - transmission

Undercooked beef

Taenia saginata - pathogenic form

Adult worm

Taenia saginata - morphology

No hooks

Taenia saginata - sample

Stool

Echinococcus granulosus - invasive stage

Egg

Echinococcus granulosus - transmission

Dog feces

Echinococcus granulosus - pathogenic form

Hydatid cyst

Echinococcus granulosus - morphology

Large fluid cyst

Echinococcus granulosus - sample

Imaging

Ascaris lumbricoides - invasive stage

Egg

Ascaris lumbricoides - transmission

Fecal-oral

Ascaris lumbricoides - pathogenic form

Adult worm

Ascaris lumbricoides - morphology

Large roundworm

Ascaris lumbricoides - sample

Stool

Enterobius vermicularis - invasive stage

Egg

Enterobius vermicularis - transmission

Autoinfection

Enterobius vermicularis - pathogenic form

Adult worm

Enterobius vermicularis - morphology

Pinworm

Enterobius vermicularis - sample

Perianal tape test

Trichinella spiralis - invasive stage

Larva

Trichinella spiralis - transmission

Undercooked meat

Trichinella spiralis - pathogenic form

Larval cyst

Trichinella spiralis - morphology

Encysted in muscle

Trichinella spiralis - sample

Muscle biopsy

Ancylostoma duodenale - invasive stage

Larva

Ancylostoma duodenale - transmission

Skin penetration

Ancylostoma duodenale - pathogenic form

Adult worm

Ancylostoma duodenale - morphology

Hook-like mouth

Ancylostoma duodenale - sample

Stool