social and personality psychology

dual process theory of persuaion

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

cognitive dissonance theory

feeling of discomfort when actions dont align with beleifs

Personality Factors

groups of personality traits that occur together in most individuals

Gordon Allport's Trait Theory

cardinal traits, central traits, secondary traits

Psychological Mechanisms

internal and specific cognitive, motivational, or personality systems that solve specific problems of survival and reproduction

Cattel's Theory of Personality

developed the 16 personality factors questionnaire

Eysenck's Trait Theory

Introversion-solitary and reserved

Extroversion-outgoing and sociable

Stable-calm and relaxed

Instable-moody and anxious

Erikson: 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development

Trust vs Mistrust (0-1)

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt (1-3)

Initiative vs Guilt (3-6)

Industry vs Inferiority (6-12)

Identity vs Role Confusion (12-20)

Intimacy vs Isolation (20-30)

Generativity vs Stagnation (30-65)

Ego Integrity vs Despair (65+)

Five Factor Model

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

social and personality psychology relationship

socialize and share ideals, gain information, information shapes personality, and repeats

Culture

Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.

Enculturation

The social process by which culture is learned and transmitted across generations

Cultural Awareness

Knowledge of various cultural beliefs and values

Cultural Knowledge

Information, skills, attitudes, conceptions, beliefs, values, and other mental components of culture that people socially learn during enculturation.

Cultural Transmission

the process by which one generation passes culture to the next

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

Cultural Relativism

not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms

Universal Cultural Values

individualism, power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation

universal cultural aspects

language, communion, rituals, emotion

Material Culture

the physical things created by members of a society

nonmaterial culture

The beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people.

3 main piece of culture

Norms, Values, Beleifs

Cultural Dimensions Theory

characterizes each culture's norms according to six indices (power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, long-term orientation, and indulgence)