ATI TEAS 7 ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY(nurse cheung)

Cephalic

head

Cranial

skull

Frontal

forehead

Occipital

base of skull

Temporal

temple

Orbital or ocular

eye

Octic

ear

Buccal

cheek

Nasal

nose

Oral

mouth

Mental

chin

Cervical

neck

Sternal

breastbone

Thoracic

chest

Mammory

breast

Acromial

shoulder

Scapular

shoulder blade

Vertebral

spinal column

Lumbar

lower back

Dorsal

back

Axiliary

armpit

Brachial

arm

Antecubital

front of elbow

olecranal or cubital

back of elbow

Antebrachial

forearm

Carpal

wrist

Palmar

palm

Pollex

thumb

Dorsum

back of hand

Manual

hand

digital or phalangeal

fingers

Abdominal

abdomen

Umbilical

navel

Coxa

hip

Sacral

between hips

coccygeal

tailbone

Gluteal

buttock

Pelvic

pelvis

Pubic

pubis

Perineal

region between the anus and external genitalia

Inguinal

groin

Femoral

thigh

Patella

Front of knee

Popliteal

back of knee

Crural

shin

Sural

calf

Pedal

foot

Tarsal

ankle

Digital of phalangeal

toes

Pedal

foot

Plantar

sole of foot

Calcaneal

heel

Tarsal

ankle

Dorsum

top of foot

Hallux

great toe (big toe)

Anterior

front of the body

Posterior

back of body

Superior

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Medial

Toward the midline of the body

Inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head, like the chest. Is medial to the arm

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body, like the little toe is lateral to the big toe on the same foot

Proximal

Nearer to the trunk of the body, like the proximal end of the femur joins the pelvic bone

Distal

Farther from the trunk of the body, like the hand is distal to the shoulder

Sagittal plane or median

vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves

frontal plane or coronal

a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves

Transverse plane or cross-section

a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) halves

Structure of the respiratory system

Nose, nostrils, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, right lung, left lung

Function of respiratory system

oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, maintain pH of blood

Factors that affect the respiratory system

Diseases, meaning pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, and cigarettes and pollution and dust and allergies and inflammation

Structure of the cardiovascular system

The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body. There are four chambers right and left atrium and right and left ventricle and the septum.

Septum

Divides the right and left chambers of the heart

Blood vessels

Carry blood throughout the body

Arteries

carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Veins

carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Capillaries

connect arteries and veins

Blood

Carrie's oxygen and nutrients to cells in carbon dioxide and waste away from the cells

Two cycles of contractions

systole and diastole

Systole

Contraction of the heart, makes the "lub" sound

Diastole

Relaxation of the heart, makes the "dub" sound

Hearts electrical system

- Sinoatrial Node

- Atrioventricular Node

- Bundle of His

- Left & Right Bundle Branch

- Purkinje Fibers

Location of the sinoatrial node

In the upper right atrium

location of atrioventricular node

At the junction between the right atrium and the ventricles

location of left and right bundle branches

Go between the left and right of the heart

Primary pacemaker of the heart

sinoatrial node, give us the beats that should be between 60 to 70 per minute

If the sinoatrial, the pacemaker that would kick in is

Atrioventricular node

How fast does the atrioventricular node beat?

40 to 60 bpm

If the atrioventricular node were to fail, what would kick in?

Purkinje fiber, this is located all the way at the bottom

Purkinje fibers beat at?

20 to 40 bpm

Blood flow through the cardiovascular system, separated

Deoxygenated blood to veins to right atrium to right ventricle to lungs to oxygenated blood to lungs to left atrium to left ventricle to aorta body

Blood flow through the cardiovascular system

The heart pumps oxygenated blood through the arteries from the lungs to the left atrium down into the left ventricle out through the aorta to the rest of the body. The blood then flows to the capillaries where it exchanges oxygen and nutrients in the tissues for carbon dioxide and waste, and then the carbon dioxide and wastes And oxygen poor are transported through the veins back to the heart blood and enters the right atrium and then into the right ventricle and back into the lungs where carbon dioxide and waste material is released and the oxygen is taken into the red blood cells

Function of cardiovascular system, function one

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cell of the body and removes carbon dioxide and waste

Function of the cardiovascular system, function two

Maintains bodies, blood pressure

Function of the cardiovascular system, function three

Regulates body temperature

Function of cardiovascular system, function four

Maintaining the bodies pH

Function of cardiovascular system, function five through eight

Transporting hormones, fighting infections, aiding in digestion, assisting in repair of damaged tissues

Structure of the digestive system

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

Structure of digestive system

Composed of the G.I. track(gastrointestinal track) as well as accessory organs

What does the mouth do?

mechanical digestion

salivary amylase starts enzymatic digestion of carbs

What does the pharynx do?

directs food from mouth to esophagus

What does the esophagus do?

carries food to the stomach