Grade 9 Natural Sciences Provincial Examination Review

Vocabulary flashcards based on the Grade 9 Natural Sciences June 2024 Provincial Examination, covering chemical reactions, the periodic table, and pH principles.

Atomic Number

The property used to arrange elements in the periodic table in increasing order.

Periodic Table

The classification system for the elements which make up matter and materials in the world.

Common group characteristics

Elements like Li and K are in the same group because they have similar chemical properties.

Chemical reaction evidence

Indicators such as a colour change, the formation of bubbles, a strong odour, or the production of heat.

Balanced chemical equation

An equation where the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides.

Reactants

The items or substances located on the left side of a chemical equation.

Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$)

The substance formed when carbon is burnt completely in the presence of oxygen.

Rusting

The process where the exposed surface of a metal reacts with oxygen, which weakens the metal.

Neutralization

A chemical reaction where a strong acid reacts with a strong base to produce a salt.

Combustion

A reaction which takes place in the presence of oxygen to produce heat.

Diatomic molecule

A molecule consisting of two atoms, such as $Cl_2$, $H_2$, or $N_2$.

Sulphur

A non-metal used in gunpowder and fireworks that produces a blue flame when it burns.

Sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$)

A colourless gas with a pungent and suffocating smell produced by burning sulphur, often used as a preservative.

Indicator

A substance, such as red cabbage water or Bromothymol blue, used to test the pH of a water sample.

Acid rain

Environmental phenomenon caused by chemical reactions in clouds involving sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide.

Wasp sting

An insect sting that is basic in nature and can be neutralized with vinegar.

Bee sting

An insect sting that is acidic in nature and can be neutralized with bicarbonate of soda.

Calcium Carbonate ($CaCO_3$)

A substance used in agriculture to make the soil less acidic.

Nitrogen ($N_2$)

A non-metal that is essential for the respiration of living organisms.

Magnesium chloride ($MgCl_2$)

The salt produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium oxide.

Sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$)

One of the acids formed in the atmosphere from sulphur dioxide emissions.

Nitric acid ($HNO_3$)

One of the acids formed in the atmosphere from nitrogen oxide emissions.