Exercise 5: The Plant Cell

Protoplasm

The colorless material comprising the living part of a cell, including the cytoplasm, nucleus, and other organelles. It constitutes the physical basis of life, is organized, and subdivided in the higher plants into small units termed protoplasts.

Plastids

Subcellular structures in protoplast that are major pigment-containing organelles in plant cells.

Chloroplasts

Plastids that are green from chlorophyll pigment

Chromoplasts

Plastids that have carotenoids which are yellow to orange pigments

Leucoplasts

Plastids that do not contain pigments, and are used to contain storage starch in amyloplasts/statoliths in tubers

Vacuole

Subcellular structure of the protoplast which are membrane-bound, fluid-filled organelles acting as storage, waste disposal, and structural support centers. Plant cells typically contain one large central _____.

anthocyanin

Water-soluble pigment in vacuoles which gives red, purple, violet, and blue colors to flowers and fruits.

Calcium oxalate

Element in crystals stored in vacuoles

1. Prismatic

2. Raphides

3. Druse

4. Styloid

5. Sandy

5 Types of calcium oxalate crystals

1. Cystolith

Type of calcium carbonate crystal