[SPB] May Progress Test - Part 2

the route to the podium (noun phrase) /ðə ruːt tu ðə ˈpoʊdiəm/

con đường đến bục vinh quang

[The path or way to achieve success or reach a leading position]

Hard work and dedication are ~ in the music industry.

choral leadership (noun phrase) /ˈkɔːrəl ˈliːdərʃɪp/

sự lãnh đạo dàn hợp xướng

[The act of leading and directing a choir]

She built her career through ~.

the reality is far more varied (phrase) /ðə riˈæləti ɪz fɑːr mɔːr ˈvɛriɪd/

thực tế phức tạp và đa dạng hơn nhiều

[The actual situation is much more diverse and complicated than assumed]

While many think conducting is only for orchestras, ~.

maestro(s) (noun) /ˈmaɪstroʊ/

nhạc trưởng, bậc thầy

[A distinguished conductor or master musician]

The ~ led the orchestra with great passion.

burst onto (phrasal verb) /bɜːrst ˈɒntuː/

bùng nổ xuất hiện, đột ngột nổi lên

[To suddenly appear or become successful in a dramatic way]

She ~ the international music scene at age 22.

thrust sb into (phrasal verb) /θrʌst ˈɪntuː/

đẩy ai vào (một vị trí)

[To force someone suddenly into a new situation or role]

His viral performance ~ the spotlight.

choral route (noun phrase) /ˈkɔːrəl ruːt/

con đường qua hợp xướng

[The path to a career through choir work]

Many conductors begin their journey via the ~.

orchestral podium (noun phrase) /ɔːrˈkɛstrəl ˈpoʊdiəm/

bục chỉ huy dàn nhạc giao hưởng

[The conductor’s position with a symphony orchestra]

Reaching the ~ is the dream of many young musicians.

stepping stone (noun phrase) /ˈstɛpɪŋ stoʊn/

bước đệm

[Something that helps you progress to a bigger goal]

Working with small choirs was a ~ to his conducting career.

chorusmaster (noun) /ˈkɔːrəsˌmæstər/

chỉ huy dàn hợp xướng

[The director or trainer of a choir]

The ~ prepared the choir for the major performance.

conduct non-auditioned choirs (verb phrase) /kənˈdʌkt nɑːn ɔːˈdɪʃənd kwaɪərz/

chỉ huy dàn hợp xướng không tuyển chọn

[To lead choirs where members don’t need to audition]

He enjoys ~ because of their community spirit.

breathing physiology (noun phrase) /ˈbriːðɪŋ ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi/

sinh lý học hô hấp

[The science of how breathing works in the body]

Understanding ~ is essential for choir conductors.

soloist (noun) /ˈsoʊloʊɪst/

nghệ sĩ độc tấu

[A performer who sings or plays a solo]

The ~ received a standing ovation.

communicate with sb via (phrase) /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt wɪð ˈvaɪə/

giao tiếp với ai qua

[To convey messages or feelings through a particular method]

Conductors ~ body language and eye contact.

forge an indirect path into (phrase) /fɔːrdʒ ən ˌɪndɪˈrɛkt pæθ ˈɪntuː/

kiến tạo con đường gián tiếp vào

[To create a non-traditional way to enter a field]

She managed to ~ the world of professional conducting.

natural convergence point (noun phrase) /ˈnætʃərəl kənˈvɜːrdʒəns pɔɪnt/

điểm hội tụ tự nhiên

[A place or situation where different elements naturally come together]

The conducting program became a ~ for talented musicians.

bring together sth under one umbrella (phrase) /brɪŋ təˈɡɛðər ˈʌndər wʌn ˈʌmbrələ/

tập hợp mọi thứ dưới một mái nhà chung

[To unite different things under one organization or concept]

The festival ~ various music genres.

align with (verb) /əˈlaɪn wɪð/

phù hợp với, đồng thuận với

[To be in agreement or coordination with something]

His vision ~ the orchestra’s long-term goals.

bring wonderful works to fruition with (phrase) /brɪŋ ˈwʌndərfl wɜːrks tu fruˈɪʃən wɪð/

thực hiện thành công những tác phẩm tuyệt vời cùng

[To successfully realize beautiful musical works together with others]

She loves to ~ young talented musicians.

reputation for wisdom (noun phrase) /ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən fɔːr ˈwɪzdəm/

danh tiếng về sự khôn ngoan

[Being known for having good judgment and insight]

The old conductor had a ~ among young musicians.

transgression (noun) /trænzˈɡrɛʃən/

sự vi phạm, lỗi lầm

[An act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct]

His ~ of musical tradition caused controversy.

rural prophet(s) (noun phrase) /ˈrʊrəl ˈprɒfɪt/

tiên tri ở nông thôn

[A person in the countryside believed to have prophetic abilities]

The villagers consulted the ~ for guidance.

clairvoyance (noun) /klɛərˈvɔɪəns/

thiên nhãn, khả năng tiên tri

[The ability to see the future or gain information supernaturally]

Some claimed she had ~.

be bent on (phrase) /bi bɛnt ɒn/

cố chấp, quyết tâm làm

[To be determined to do something, often negatively]

He ~ destroying his rival’s career.

speculation (noun) /ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən/

sự suy đoán

[The forming of a theory without firm evidence]

There was much ~ about the new conductor’s appointment.

practice writer (noun phrase) /ˈpræktɪs ˈraɪtər/

người viết thực hành

[A writer who practices the craft regularly]

He is a dedicated ~ of political essays.

given to sb at birth (phrase) /ˈɡɪvən tu ˈsʌmbədi æt bɜːrθ/

được ban cho ai từ khi sinh ra

[Something assigned or endowed to a person at birth]

His name was ~ by his grandparents.

put into service (phrase) /pʊt ˈɪntu ˈsɜːrvɪs/

đưa vào sử dụng

[To start using something for its intended purpose]

The new law was immediately ~.

withheld from sb (phrase) /wɪðˈhɛld frɒm/

bị giữ lại, không cho ai

[To refuse to give something to someone]

Important information was ~ the public.

for certain nefarious purposes (phrase) /fɔːr ˈsɜːrtn nɪˈfɛəriəs ˈpɜːrpəsɪz/

vì những mục đích đen tối

[For evil or criminal intentions]

The data was collected ~.

imperiled (adjective) /ɪmˈpɛrəld/

bị nguy hiểm, bị đe dọa

[Put in danger or at risk]

Freedom of speech is increasingly ~.

salvageable (adjective) /ˈsælvɪdʒəbəl/

có thể cứu vãn

[Able to be saved or recovered]

The situation was still ~ with quick action.

custodian(s) (noun) /kʌˈstoʊdiən/

người giữ gìn, người quản lý

[A person responsible for protecting or maintaining something]

We are all ~ of our language and culture.

unyielding language content (noun phrase) /ʌnˈjiːldɪŋ ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ ˈkɑːntɛnt/

nội dung ngôn ngữ cứng nhắc

[Language content that is rigid and inflexible]

Official documents often contain ~.

paralysis (noun) /pəˈræləsɪs/

sự tê liệt

[Complete inability to move or act]

The fear caused ~ in decision-making.

statist language (noun phrase) /ˈsteɪtɪst ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

ngôn ngữ nhà nước

[Language that promotes or reflects state power and control]

The regime used ~ to maintain authority.

ruthless (adjective) /ˈruːθləs/

tàn nhẫn, không thương xót

[Having no pity or compassion]

He employed ~ methods to gain power.

policing duties (noun phrase) /ˈpoʊliːsɪŋ ˈduːtiz/

nhiệm vụ kiểm soát, tuần tra

[Tasks of enforcing rules or monitoring behavior]

The government expanded its ~ over speech.

moribund (adjective) /ˈmɔːrɪbʌnd/

suy tàn, gần chết

[In a state of decline or near death]

The ~ tradition was revived by young artists.

narcotic narcissism (noun phrase) /nɑːrˈkɒtɪk nærsɪˈsɪzəm/

chủ nghĩa tự cao gây nghiện

[A self-obsession that is addictive and harmful]

His ~ blinded him to reality.

thwart the intellect (phrase) /θwɔːrt ði ˈɪntəlɛkt/

cản trở trí tuệ

[To prevent the mind from developing or functioning freely]

Propaganda aims to ~ of the population.

stall conscience (phrase) /stɔːl ˈkɑːnʃəns/

làm tê liệt lương tâm

[To delay or suppress moral awareness]

The system was designed to ~ of its citizens.

suppress human potential (phrase) /səˈprɛs ˈhjuːmən pəˈtɛnʃəl/

kìm hãm tiềm năng con người

[To prevent people from reaching their full abilities]

Totalitarian regimes often ~.

unreceptive to (adjective phrase) /ˌʌnrɪˈsɛptɪv tuː/

không tiếp nhận, không chịu tiếp thu

[Not willing to accept new ideas]

The audience was ~ his radical views.

interrogation (noun) /ɪnˌtɛrəˈɡeɪʃən/

sự thẩm vấn

[The act of questioning someone aggressively]

He faced intense ~ by authorities.

fill baffling silences (phrase) /fɪl ˈbæflɪŋ ˈsaɪlənsɪz/

lấp đầy những khoảng lặng khó hiểu

[To occupy awkward or confusing moments of silence]

She used humor to ~ during the meeting.

smitheryed to (adjective) /ˈsmɪθərid tuː/ (rare/archaic usage)

được rèn giũa thành

[Shaped or forged skillfully like metalwork]

The slogan was ~ serve political goals.

sanction ignorance (phrase) /ˈsæŋkʃən ˈɪɡnərəns/

cho phép sự ngu dốt

[To officially approve or support ignorance]

The regime seemed to ~ among the masses.

a suit of armor (noun phrase) /ə suːt əv ˈɑːrmər/

bộ giáp bảo vệ

[A metaphorical protective covering]

His cynicism became ~ against criticism.

shocking glitter (noun phrase) /ˈʃɑːkɪŋ ˈɡlɪtər/

sự lấp lánh gây sốc

[Flashy but disturbing attractiveness]

The propaganda had a ~ that fooled many.

husk (noun) /hʌsk/

vỏ trống rỗng

[The dry outer covering; metaphorically an empty shell]

Without freedom, language becomes a mere ~.

dumb (adjective) /dʌm/

câm lặng, ngu ngốc

[1. Unable to speak OR stupid]
He was struck ~ with fear.

dumb (adjective) /dʌm/

predatory (adjective) /ˈprɛdətɔːri/

ăn thịt, bóc lột

[Exploiting others for personal gain]

His ~ approach to politics harmed many.

sentimental (adjective) /ˌsɛntɪˈmɛntl/

cảm xúc, sến súa

[Having excessive emotional feelings]

She had a ~ attachment to old traditions.

exciting reverence (phrase) /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ˈrɛvərəns/

gây ra sự tôn kính

[Causing deep respect and admiration]

The ceremony had an ~ among the people.

schoolchildren (noun) /ˈskuːlˌtʃɪldrən/

học sinh

[Children who attend school]

The ~ were taught to memorize propaganda.

despot(s) (noun) /ˈdɛspɑːt/

kẻ bạo chúa

[A ruler with absolute power, often cruel]

The ~ ruled with an iron fist.

summon false memories (phrase) /ˈsʌmən fɔːls ˈmɛməriz/

triệu hồi ký ức giả

[To create or bring up fabricated memories]

The regime tried to ~ to rewrite history.

fiat (noun) /ˈfaɪæt/

sắc lệnh, mệnh lệnh

[An arbitrary order or decree]

The leader ruled by ~.

bite one's tongues off (phrase) /baɪt wʌnz tʌŋz ɒf/

cắn lưỡi (kìm nén không nói)

[To stop oneself from speaking]

They had to ~ to avoid punishment.

iterate the voice of (phrase) /ˈɪtəreɪt ðə vɔɪs əv/

lặp lại giọng nói của

[To repeatedly express or echo someone’s opinion]

The media ~ the ruling party.

tongue-suicide (noun) /tʌŋ ˈsuːɪsaɪd/

tự sát bằng lưỡi (im lặng đến chết)

[Metaphor for silencing oneself completely]

Under oppression, many chose ~.

infantile heads of state (noun phrase) /ˈɪnfəntaɪl hɛdz əv steɪt/

những nguyên thủ non nớt

[Immature or childish national leaders]

The world suffered under ~.

power merchants (noun phrase) /ˈpaʊər ˈmɜːrtʃənts/

kẻ buôn bán quyền lực

[People who trade and manipulate power]

~ controlled the country behind the scenes.

force obedience (phrase) /fɔːrs əˈbiːdiəns/

buộc phải tuân phục

[To compel people to obey]

The dictator used fear to ~.

systematic looting of language (noun phrase) /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ˈluːtɪŋ əv ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

sự cướp bóc ngôn ngữ có hệ thống

[The organized destruction or manipulation of language]

Totalitarianism involves ~.

mid-wifery (noun) /ˈmɪdˌwaɪfəri/

nghề đỡ đẻ (nghĩa bóng: hỗ trợ sinh ra)

[The act of helping something new to be born]

He saw his role as the ~ of new ideas.

menace (noun) /ˈmɛnɪs/

mối đe dọa

[A person or thing that is likely to cause harm]

The new law became a ~ to free speech.

subjugation (noun) /ˌsʌbdʒəˈɡeɪʃən/

sự chinh phục, nô dịch

[The act of bringing someone under control]

They fought against cultural ~.

forgo its nuanced (phrase) /fɔːrˈɡoʊ ɪts ˈnuːɑːnst/

từ bỏ sự tinh tế của nó

[To give up the subtle and detailed aspects]

Simplified language ~ meaning.

faux-language (noun) /foʊ ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

ngôn ngữ giả

[Fake or artificial language]

Political speeches were full of ~.

calcified language (noun phrase) /ˈkælsɪfaɪd ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

ngôn ngữ vôi hóa (cứng nhắc)

[Language that has become rigid and lifeless]

Years of propaganda created ~.

malign language (noun phrase) /məˈlaɪn ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

ngôn ngữ độc hại

[Harmful or evil use of language]

~ was used to incite hatred.

racist plunder (noun phrase) /ˈreɪsɪst ˈplʌndər/

sự cướp bóc phân biệt chủng tộc

[Racist exploitation or theft]

The policy was criticized as ~ of minority cultures.

estrangement of minorities (noun phrase) /ɪˈstreɪndʒmənt əv maɪˈnɔːrətiz/

sự xa lánh các dân tộc thiểu số

[The alienation or separation of minority groups]

The law led to further ~.

theistic language (noun phrase) /θiˈɪstɪk ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

ngôn ngữ thần học

[Language based on belief in God]

The speech was filled with ~.

intellectual mercenary (noun phrase) /ˌɪntəˈlɛktʃuəl ˈmɜːrsənɛri/

lính đánh thuê trí thức

[An intellectual who sells their skills for money or power]

He was accused of being an ~.

insatiable dictator (noun phrase) /ɪnˈseɪʃəbəl ˈdɪkteɪtər/

kẻ độc tài tham lam không đáy

[A dictator who can never be satisfied with power]

The ~ kept expanding his control.

paid-for (adjective) /peɪd fɔːr/

được trả tiền

[Bought or sponsored (often implying corruption)]

His support was clearly ~.

demagogue (noun) /ˈdɛməɡɑːɡ/

kẻ mị dân

[A political leader who seeks support by appealing to popular desires and prejudices]

The ~ stirred up the crowd with false promises.

eloquence (noun) /ˈɛləkwəns/

sự hùng biện

[The ability to speak persuasively and expressively]

His ~ moved the entire audience.

glamor (noun) /ˈɡlæmər/

sự quyến rũ, hào nhoáng

[Attractive and exciting quality]

The ~ of power attracted many followers.

languishing (adjective) /ˈlæŋɡwɪʃɪŋ/

lụi tàn, suy yếu

[Becoming weak or neglected]

Free expression was ~ under censorship.

rationalization(s) (noun) /ˌræʃənəlaɪˈzeɪʃənz/

sự hợp lý hóa

[The process of justifying behavior with logical reasons (often false)]

He created clever ~ for his actions.

cognition (noun) /kɑːɡˈnɪʃən/

nhận thức

[The mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding]

Language shapes human ~.

precipitate (verb) /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/

gây ra đột ngột

[To cause something to happen suddenly]

His speech ~ a major political crisis.

monolithic language (noun phrase) /ˌmɑːnəˈlɪθɪk ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

ngôn ngữ độc khối

[Uniform, rigid, and unchanging language]

The state imposed ~ on all media.

expedite (verb) /ˈɛkspɪdaɪt/

thúc đẩy nhanh

[To make something happen faster]

The government tried to ~ the new regulations.

apprehensive (adjective) /ˌæprɪˈhɛnsɪv/

lo lắng, bất an

[Anxious or fearful that something bad will happen]

She felt ~ about the new policy.

reverent (adjective) /ˈrɛvərənt/

tôn kính

[Feeling or showing deep respect]

He spoke in a ~ tone about the constitution.

ambivalent (adjective) /æmˈbɪvələnt/

mâu thuẫn, lưỡng lự

[Having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas]

She was ~ about the political changes.

disparage (verb) /dɪˈspærɪdʒ/

coi thường, nói xấu

[To regard or represent as being of little worth]

He tried to ~ his opponents.

vindication (noun) /ˌvɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/

sự minh oan, chứng minh đúng

[Proof that someone is right or justified]

History eventually brought ~ to the dissidents.

rebuke (noun/verb) /rɪˈbjuːk/

sự khiển trách

[Express sharp disapproval or criticism]

The leader received a public ~.

insolence (noun) /ˈɪnsələns/

sự hỗn xược

[Rude and disrespectful behavior]

His ~ toward authority surprised everyone.

omniscience (noun) /ɑːmˈnɪsiəns/

sự toàn tri

[The state of knowing everything]

The regime claimed ~ in all matters.

pretentiousness (noun) /prɪˈtɛnʃəsnəs/

sự giả tạo, khoa trương

[Attempting to impress by affecting greater importance]

The speech was full of ~.

permeate (verb) /ˈpɜːrmieɪt/

thấm nhuần, lan tỏa

[To spread throughout something]

Fear ~ every level of society.

corrupt language (noun phrase) /kəˈrʌpt ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/

ngôn ngữ bị tha hóa

[Language that has been morally corrupted or misused]

Propaganda leads to ~.

tyranny (noun) /ˈtɪrəni/

chế độ bạo ngược

[Cruel and oppressive government or rule]

They fought bravely against ~.