Brain Parts and Functions

Brainstem

Brainstem

oldest and central core in the brain ,extension of spinal cord and responsible for automatic survival function(heartbeats).

Medulla

Controls things like breathing, swallowing, heart/breathing, sneezing, ect. Damage is fatal

Pons

Connects the brainstem with the cerebellum—>movement, facial expressions and breathing

Cerebellum

-Aids in judgment of time, sound, texture discrimination and emotional control.

-Coordination of voluntary movement and life sustaining functions

-processing nonverbal learning and memory

Basal Ganglia

-Planning/sequence of behavior

-Initiation and direction of movement(Smooth coordination of movements)

-Putting brakes on unnecessary movement

Reticular Formation

-Regulates arousal(alertness)

-Sleep/wake

-controls consciousness

-pain perception

Midbrain

-eye movement

-integrating sensory processing such as hearing/vision together

-Controlling simple movements with sensory info

Forebrain

Largest and most complicated region of brain

Thalamus

Act as relay station for incoming sensory information(except smell)—>

directs infoto the cerebral cortex

Hypothalamus

-Controls anger

-Fight or Flight

-Feeding

-Sexual Drive

Hippocampus

-Converts memory from short to long term

-Assembles memory information from other parts of the brain for recall

Amygdala

-Causes anger and fear

-helps determine pleasurability

-help with self-preservation behaviors

Septum

-Rageful behavior and hypersensitivity(anger,fear, pleasure ect)

Corpus Callosum

-band of fibers that connected the 2 hemispheres of the cerebral cortex together

Limbic System

to process and regulate emotion and memory while also dealing with sexual stimulation and learning

Cingulate Gyrus

-Associates memories with smell and pain

-produces negative and positive feelings

-regulation of material behavior

-shifting of attention and cognitive flexibility

Cerebral Hemispheres

the left hemisphere controls speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing. The right hemisphere controls creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills.

Occipital Lobe

Primary visual cortex, controls all aspects of vision

Parietal Lobe

Body position

-temperature

-taste

-touch/pain/pressure

Temporal Lobe

-Hearing

-storing long term memories

-speech and language

-understanding

Frontal Lobe (primary motor cortex)

-Movement

-judgement

-planning

-producing speech sounds

-emotional control

-personality

-temperment

Brocas Area

Responsible for directing motor movement involved in speech

Plasticity

The brain's ability to continuously change/repair/regenerate/restore itself due to use.

Neurogenesis

formation of new neurons

Wernicke’s Area

Left Temporal Lobe→language comprehension and expression

Lateralization

certain functions are in only in 1 hemisphere

Left Hemisphere

Speech,Grammar rules, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic(langauge)

Verbal memory(memory)

Language sounds(hearing)

words,letters(vision)

Right Hemisphere

Geometry, Sense of direction, Distance, Mental rotation of shapes(spatial ability_

Emotional Tone of Speech(language)

Nonverbal memory(memory)

Non Language sounds(hearing)

Geometric patterns, Faces, Emotional expression(vision)