Test 4 Micro Final | Quizlet

Haptens are what?

are usually small organic molecules

Type 3 hypersensitivity conditions, such as arthritis, involve:

the formation of immune complexes

A pathogen posses what in order for it to be successful at causing infectious disease?

Ability to adhere to, colonize, or invade the host

A bacterial genus that is found in large numbers in the intestinal tract of breast-fed infants is :

Bifidobacteria

How do cytotoxic T cells recognize that a transplant is foreign?

Prescence of diff class I MHC molecules on the graft

What causes media to turn yellow in Tube A?

production of acid fermentation

What features of a pathogen is not considered to be a virulence factor when establishing infection within a host?

Pigment production

In which of the following situations did disease develop due to vertical transmission of the pathogen?

A fetus developed listeriosis after unpasteurized cheese infected with listeria bacteria is consumed by the mother during pregnancy

Urease helps Helicobacter pylori neutralize stomach acid by the production of:

ammonia

A person ingests a pathogen, but fails to develop signs of symptoms or disease. The pathogen likely has a ______ infectious dose and/or a _____ replication rate

high, low

The transfer of antibodies in breastmilk is a goof example of:

naturally acquired passive immunity

Possible consequence of self-reactive B cells and/or T cells in the body?

Autoimmune disease

Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between diet and gut microbiome is false?

A diet rich in red meat and high fat results in an overproduction of short-chain fatty acids

The variable domain of antibody molecules _____

binds target antigen

Organisms of the microbiome that are halophiles are predominantly found:

on the skin

This is MSA. Which plate shows a positive reaction for fermentation?

the yellow plate

Which enzyme produced by S. aureus causes a positive result?

coagulase

Which of the following organisms is coagulase-positive?

S. aureus

Endotoxin is released when

gram negative pathogens lyse or divide

Which of the following statements does NOT represent the influence the gut microbiota has on immune regulation + homeostasis?

The gut microbiota directly presents antigens from opportunistic pathogens to immune cells in order to maintain homeostasis

An immune complex resulting from an interaction of antibody with cells or particles that becomes large enough to settle out of solution is called a:

precipitation reaction

What indicator was added to the semisolid motility media?

TCC Triphenyltetrazolium chloride

If a T cell that has received signal 1 for activation fails to receive signal 2 it my become:

anergic

Bacteria within biofilms exchange what?

plasmids, quorum sensing molecules, nutrients

Cytotoxic T cells destroy target cells by

Both perforin + CD95 pathway

Organisms of the microbiome that are Acidophiles can be found in

the stomach

Listeria monocytogenes propels itself thru mammalian host cells using:

host cell actin and other cytoskeletal proteins

persistence if antibody titers following the

-secondary immune response or primary immune response

secondary immune response

risk of autoimmune disease if negative clonal selection functions normally

< fails

The likelihood that type I or type II hypersensitivity involves antibody function

Both types

A germfree mouse not born by cesarean section is not a suitable animal model for investigating the interaction between host + one type of bacteria T/F

True

In a nitrate reduction test, color change always indicated a positive result (nitrate reduced to nitrite) T/F

False

Before bacteria can establish an infection they must be able to overcome resident microorganisms in direct competition for space and nutrients T/F

True

A red or pink layer (often called a "cherry-red ring") forming at the top of the SIM medium after adding ______ reagent indicates a ______ result for indole production

Kovac's, positive

Why did tubes 4/5 turn black: H2S production (in media like SIM)

H2S reacts w/ iron in medium and forms black precipitate

Enzyme responsible for the halo in the starch agar plate with iodine

amylase

cell types involved in tissue rejection:

T-helper cells, Macrophages, Cytotoxic T cells

The change over in production from IgM to IgG by an activated B cell is called a ______ _______

class switch

transplants between genetically different members of the same species:

Allografts

_____ the collection of all the genes normally present in your microbiota

Microbiome

Many bacteria are pathogenic because they carry large segments of DNA called _____, which were acquired by horizontal gene transfer, and which carry genes responsible for virulence.

pathogenicity islands