PA and Psych: Exam 3

what to avoid in intervention

• designing interventions without understanding the influences on health behavior for a specific population in a specific context and without using theory

• results: ineffective intervention

four stage process for intervention design

• Stage 1: understand behavior

• stage 2: identify intervention options

• stage 3: identify content and implementation options

• stage 4: evaluation

steps for stages of intervention

• step 1: identify target population and behavior

• step 2: conduct a behavior analysis and diagnosis

• step 3: select intervention functions

• step 4: select policy categories

• step 5: select behavior change techniques (BCTs)

• step 6: select modes of delivery

• step 7: evaluate and iterate the intervention using evaluation frameworks

Step 1: Identify target population and behavior

• define group whose behavior you want to change and specific behaviors you want to change (what, when, who, where, how often)

• involve stakeholders

step 2: conduct behavioral analysis and diagnosis

• what factors may influence the targeted behavior and what factors need to be addressed for change

• Capability, motivation, opportunity (barriers & facilitators)

capability

• psychological capability: knowledge and mental skills

• physical capability: strength and stamina

Motivation

• automatic motivation: how I feel about behavior or automatic response, desire and impulse

• reflective motivation: outcome expectations, planning and goal setting

Opportunity

• physical opportunity: do I have the resources to do the behavior or build behavior

• social opportunity: social opportunities, cues, norms, or other people

step 3: intervention functions

• activities within intervention that are designed to hang the behavior by altering capability, opportunity, and or motivation

• education, persuasion, incentivization, coercion, training, restriction, environmental restructuring, modeling enablement

education (intervention function)

• increasing knowledge or understanding

• ex: sharing pa guidelines or resources

Persuasion (intervention function)

• using communication to induce positive negative feelings

• ex: information with cons or pros of not exercising

incentivization (intervention function)

• creating an expectation of reward

• ex: attending ST classes gets you points to a free ever bowl

coercion (intervention function)

• creating an expectation of punishment or cost

• ex: nicotine products having pictures of lung disease or warning labels on products

training (intervention function)

• imparting skill

• ex: coaches or training instructors

restriction (intervention function)

• using rules to reduce the oppertunity or to engage in the target behavior or use to reduce the opportunity to engage in competing behaviors

• ex: making rule that no exam can take place during specific hours so students can exercise then or using exercise as a way to limit screen time

environmental restructuring (intervention function)

• chasing the physical or social context

• ex: making physical change or increasing access

modeling (intervention function)

• providing an example for people to aspire or imitate

• ex: Caitlyn clark

enablement (intervention function)

• increasing means or reducing barriers to increase capability or opportunity beyond education, training, and environment restructuring

• ex: a catalyst, social support, or action planning

step 4: policy categories

• approaches used by stakeholders to support the implementation of the intervention

• communication/marketing, guidelines, fiscal measures, regulation, legislation, enviornmentnal/social planning, and service provision

communication/marketing (policy categories)

• using print, electronic, telephone, or broadcast media

• ex: social media

guidelines (policy categories)

• creating documents that recommend or mandate practice

• ex: PA guidelines for all adult populations

fiscal measures (policy categories)

• using the tax system to reduce or increase fiacnical costs

• ex: going to the rec 20 times in a month reduces your monthly membership costs

regulation (policy categories)

• establishing rules or principals of behavior or practice

• ex: context or art of environment, wiping down machines at gym

legislation (policy categories)

• making or changing laws

• ex: making a law that all Iowa colleges need to have available REC services

Enviornemental/social planning (policy categories)

• designing or controlling the physical or social environment

• ex: ensure there are pedestrian walk ways at uiowa

service provision (policy categories)

• delivering a service

• ex: students given a free training session at REC with freshman orientation

O’connell et al. article

• sedentary behavior is a risk factor for poor health, independent of PA

• wanted to implement light movement into office workers day of work with sit-stand desks

• SMArT work intervention strategies

Whitaker et al. 2022

• PA in pregnancy is safe for mother baby and has many health benefits

• pregnant women less likely to meet PA guidelines

• need to develop interventions to help women increase PA and reduce sedentary behavior