para

Aspirin indications, contradictions, side effects, presentation, max

Indications: suspected ACS, acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema

Contractions: AADR, Bleeding or clotting disorders, current GI bleeding or peptic ulcers, patients less than 18

Side effects: epigastric pain, nausea, gastritis, GI bleeding, NSAID induced bronchospasm

Presentation: 300mg tablet

Max: 450mg

Fentanyl indications, contraindications, side effects, presentation, max

Indications: significant pain, sedation, autonomic dysreflexia, induction for RSI

Contractions: AADR

Side effects: Bradycardia, drowsiness, hypotension, nausea, pin point, respiratory depression, muscular rigidity

Presentation: ampoule 100 microg /2 mL

Max: <70 yrs 25-100 total dose 200 microg

Adrenaline

Glyceryl Trinitrate GTN indications, contraindications, side effects, presentation, max

Indications: suspected ACS, acute cariogenic pulmonary oedema, autonomic dysreflexia, irukandji syndrome

Contraindications: AADR, HR <50 >150, systolic BP <100, acute CVA, head trauma, phosphodiesterase, currently taking riociguat

Side effects: dizziness, hypotension, syncope, reflex tachycardia, vascular headaches

Presentation: spray 400microg/ dose, 200 doses

Max: repeat every 5 mins, no max

Ibuprofen indications, contraindications,

Indications: moderate pain due to acute inflammation and tissue injury

Contraindications: allergy and adverse drug reactions, concurrent NSAID therapy, current GI bleeding or peptic ulcers, dehydration or hypovolaemia, renal impairment, NSAID induced asthma, heart failure, pregnancy, ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy, patients <13 >65, patients taking anticoagulants, diuretic treatment

Side effects: nausea, dyspepsia, gi bleeding, dizziness

Presentation: tablet 200 mg

Max 400mg over 6 hours

Methoyflurane indications, contraindications, side effects, presentation, max

Indications: pain self admin,

Contraindications: AADR, less 1 year, liver or renal disease, malignant hypothermia or genetic susceptibility

Side effects: alt level of conscious, dizziness, cough

Presentation: bottle 3 mL

MAX 6 mL IN 24hrs 15ml in 7 days

Morphine indications, contraindications, side effects, presentation, max

Indications: significant pain, sedation, autonomic dysreflexia

Contraindications: AADR, kidney disease

Side effects: bradycardia, drowsiness, hypotension, nausea, pin point, respiratory depression

Presentation: ampoule 10 mg/1ml

Max 2.5-10mg max 20 mg

Ondansetron, indications, contraindications, side effects, presentation, max

Indications: significant nausea/vomiting,

Contraindications: AADR, congenital long QT syndrome, current apomorphine therapy (used with Parkinson’s), less 2 years), RELATIVE: first trimester pregnancy (only used in severe cases)

Side effects: common: headache, constpation, Rare: hypersensitivity reactions, ECG changes

Presentation: ampoule 4 mg/2 ml

Max: 8 mg

Paracetamol: indications, contraindications, side effects, presentation, max

Indications: mild to moderate pain, fever causing distress

Contraindications: AADR, less 1 month

Side effects: nausea,

Presentation: tablet 500 mg, liquid 24 mg/ml

Max 1g, every 4 hours

Oxygen: indications, contraindications, side effects, presentation

Indications: na

Contraindications: known paraquat poisoning with sp02 >88, history of bleomycin therapy with sp02 >88

Side effects: drying of airways mucous membrane

Presentation: size C cylinder 450, size D cylinder 1600 L

Laryngoscope

Indications, contraindications, complications

Indications: actual loss of airway patency/ airway protection

Contraindications: conscious breathing patients

Completions: unrecognised oesophageal intubation, malposition, aspiration, hypoxia, laryngospasm, oropharyngeal trauma, vagaries stimulation

Magill forceps Indications, contraindications, complications

Indications: removal of foreign objects causing obstruction, to facilitate insertion of orogastric tube

Contraindications: patients with effective cough

Compilation: trauma to pharynx uvula and tongue, particularly obstructed may become fully

Nasopharyngeal airway

Indications, contraindications, complications

Indications: potential or actual airway obstruction

Contraindications: nil

Complications: airway trauma, innorect size compromise effectiveness, exacerbated injury of skull fracture, can stimulate gag reflex in some patients

Oropharyngeal airway

Indications, contraindications, complications

Indications: maintain airway patency, bite block for intubated patients

Contraindications: conscious patients, patients with gag reflex intact

Complications: airway trauma from OPA placement, intolerance of OPA, can precipitate vomiting aspiration, incorrect use can exacerbate airway obstruction

Triple airway manoeuvre

Indications, contraindications, complications

Indications: patients unable to maintain airway patency

Contraindications: nil

Precautions: potential c spine injury

I GEL

indications, contraindications, complications

INDICATIONS actual loss of audway patency, airway protection

CONTRAINDICATIONS conscious and breathing

COMPLICATIONS failure to provide airways or ventilation, patient intolerance, hypoxia, vomiting and aspirations, oropharyngeal trauma

Modified valsalva manoeuvre

Indications, contraindications, complications

Indications: haemodynamically stable SVT

Contraindications: requirement for immediate cardioverion, hypotension, AF, aortic stenosis, recent myocardial infarction (3 months), glaucoma, retinopathy, third trimester pregnancy

Complications: syncope, prolonged hypotensive state

BVM

Indications, contraindications, complications

Indications: acute respiratory distress hypo ventilation or respiratory arrest requiring positive pressure ventilation

Contraindications: spontaneous breathing patient with adequate tidal volume and RR

Complications: gastric inflation, pulmonary baratoma, undesirable cardiovascular effects

ACS

Explain, signs and symptoms, treatment

Unstable angina, is a blockage in the coronary artery which reduces blood flow to the heart,

Symptoms: intense chest pain (angina), pressure, tightness, or burning, frequently spreading to the arms, neck, jaw, or back. Other symptoms are shortness of breath, nausea, cold sweats, dizziness, and extreme fatigue.

Treatment: oxygen, GTN, aspirin, fentanyl, ondansatron

Tension pneumothorax

Explain, signs and symptoms, treatment

Air becomes trapped in the pleural space building pressure that collapses the lung

Symptoms: severe rapid onset chest pain, shortness of breath, tachycardia, hypotension, distended neck veins

Treatment:oxygen, monitor, urgent transport

Pulmonary embolism

Explain, signs and symptoms, treatment

A blood clot in the lung

Symptoms: sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations, coughing, syncope, tachypnea

Treatment: oxygen, fluids, urgent transport, adrenaline, notify

Aortic dissection/ aortic aneurism

Explain, signs and symptoms, treatment

A tear in the inner layer of the aorta

Symptoms: sudden, severe, ripping pain in chest upper abdomen, neck, back, neurological issues, weak pulse( occasionally just one arm)

Treatment: call ahead, transport. Enroute: cannula, fent

Asthma

Explain, signs and symptoms, treatment

A chronic airway inflammatory disease, reversible bronchoconstiction, mucosal odeama triggered by allergies exercise cold air or infections

Wheeze, dysponea, cough, chest tightness, prolonged expiration, increased work of breathing, anxiety, fatigue, tripod, tachyponea, low sp02 tachycardia,

Sabutomol, ipratpium bromide, adrenaline, oxygen, CPAP,

Pericardial tamponade

Explain, signs and symptoms, treatment

Fluid/blood/ or puss accumulates rapidly in the pericardia sac which compresses the heart and prevents it from filling properly.

Symptoms: hypotension, bludging neck veins, muffled heart sounds, tachycardia, chest pain sharp, syncope,

Treatment: oxygen, fluids, transport, NO GTN

Mediastinits

Explain, signs and symptoms, treatment

Inflammation of the mediastinum (chest cavity)

Symptoms: tachycardia, high fever, chest pain, shortness of breath, crunching on osthyltation

Treatment: oxygen, fluids, rapid transport

SVT

Explain, signs and symptoms, treatment

Super ventricular tachycardia- 150-220

Treatment: valsalva manoeuvre, anti emetic, urgent transport CCP: synchronised cardioversion, adenosine

Third degree heart block

Explain, signs and symptoms, treatment

Complete heart block no av conduction,

Brady wide QRS, fatigue, chest pain, dysponea, syncope, alt mental state, hypotension, crackles, odemea

Place defibrillator pads, urgent transport, fluids if indicated,

Pericarditis

Explain, signs and symptoms, treatment

The inflammation of the pericardium often from viral infection

S&S sharp stabbing, radiation to back and neck traps, worse with movement and inspiration, lye/lean, dusponea, fever, fatigue, dizziness, tachycardia, scratchy high pitched auscultation, hypotension

CALL CCP, analgesic