Anatomy Part 3

The superior angle of the scapula aligns with which vertebrae?

T2

The medial end of the scapular spine aligns with which vertabrae?

T3

The inferior angle of the scapula aligns with which vertebrae?

T7

What kind of joint is sternoclavicular? Why is it special?

Saddle - has a disc

True or false: fracture of clavicle is more common than dislocation

True

What type of joint is acromioclavicular?

Plane

Where does the acromioclavicular ligament attach?

Clavicle to acromion

Where does the coracoacromial ligament attach?

Coracoid process to acromion

What are the attachments of the trapezoid ligaments?

Lateral clavicle to coracoid process

What are the attachments of conoid ligaments?

Conoid process of clavicle to coracoid process

What is the scapulothoracic “physiologic joint”?

Scapula sliding on thoracic rib cage

Where does the glenohumeral joint attach?

Labrum to anatomical neck of humerus

Where does the corachohumeral joint attach?

Greater tubercle to coracoid process

Where does transverse humeral joint attach?

Greater tubercle to lesser tubercle

Which direction is common for dislocation of humerus?

Anterior and inferiorly

Flexion of the humerus occurs in what plane?

Sagittal

Ad/abduction of the humerus occurs in which plane?

Frontal

Internal/external rotation of the humerus occurs in what plane?

Transverse plane

Which muscles elevate the scapula?

Upper trap, levator scap, rhomboids

What muscles depress the scapula?

Lower traps, serratus anterior, pec minor, pec major, lats

What muscles upwardly rotate the scapula?

Upper trap, lower trap, serratus anterior

What muscles downwardly rotate the scap?

Pec minor, levator scapula, rhomboids, lats, pec major

What muscles protract the scapula?

Pec minor, serratus anterior, pec major

What muscles retract the scapula?

Rhomboids, lats, middle trap

What are the SITS muscles of the rotator cuff?

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Subscapularis

What are the attachments of supraspinatus?

PA: supraspinous fossa of scapula

DA: superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus

What is the nerve to supraspinatus?

Suprascapular nerve - C4,5,6

What are the actions of supraspinatus?

Initiates first 15 deg of abduction

Assist deltoid

What are the attachments of infraspinatus?

PA: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

DA: middle facet on greater tubercle of humerus

What is the nerve to infraspinatus?

Suprascapular nerve - C4,5,6

What is the action of infraspinatus?

Laterally rotate arm

Holds humeral head in glenoid cavity

What are the attachments of Teres Minor?

PA: superior part of lateral border of scapula

DA: Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus

What is the nerve to teres minor?

Axillary nerve - C5,6

What is the action of teres minor?

Laterally rotate arm

Hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

What are the attachments of subscapularis?

PA: subscapular fossa of scapula

DA: Lesser tuberosity of humerus

What is the nerve to subscapularis?

Upper and lower subscapular nerve, C5,6,7

What are the actions of subscapularis

Medially rotate arm

Adduct arm

Hold humeral head in glenoid cavity

What are the actions of the deltoid?

Flexion, abduction, extension

What are the actions of Teres Major?

Medial rotation

What are the actions of the lats?

Extension, adduction, medial rotation

What nerve is damaged with a fracture at neck of humerus?

Axillary nerve

What action can cause a greater tubercle fracture?

FOOSH

Anterior dislocation of shoulder is usually caused by what kind of injury?

High velocity hit

What is a bankart lesion?

Tear of labrum on inferior part

Fracture of humeral shaft damages what nerve?

Radial nerve

Distal humeral fracture damages what nerve?

Median

Medial epicondylar fracture damages what nerve?

Ulnar

What is the shoulder apprehension test?

Pushing on the posterior shoulder to see if pt is afraid of it popping out

What are the symptoms of a SLAP injury?

Pain with overhead movements

Dead arm - throwing at slower velocity

What muscle tears most commonly in rotator cuff?

Supraspinatus

What causes subacromial bursitis?

Calcium deposits in suprapsinatus tendon can irritate the bursa

What is olecranon bursitis?

Inflammation of bursa

Feeling of bogginess

Could be inflamed by triceps rubbing over bursa

Where is the annular ligament?

Wraps around neck of radius and binds radius to ulna

Where is the radial collateral ligament?

Attaches to annular ligament around radius and ulna

Where is the ulnar collateral ligament?

Anterior cordlike band, posterior fanlike band. Oblique direction

What is contained within cubital fossa?

Biceps tendon

Brachial artery

Median nerve

Radial nerve

What is contained within posterior compartment of arm?

Triceps

Anconeus

Radial nerve

What is contained within anterior compartment of arm?

Brachialis

Coracobrachialis

Biceps

Musculocutaneous nerve

What are the primary flexors of the UE?

Brachialis

Biceps

Brachioradialis

What are the primary extensors of the UE?

Triceps

Anconeus

What are the primary supinators of the UE?

Biceps

Supinator

What are the primary pronators of the arm?

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

What are the lower (proximal) carpals in order from thumb side to pinky?

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

What are the upper (distal) carpals from thumb to pinky side?

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

What is the radiocarpal joint? What kind of joint is it?

Where the radius connects to the scaphoid and lunate bones

Condyloid joint

What are intercarpal joints?

The joint between each carpal - where they touch

What are the 4 superficial flexors of the forearm?

Pronator teres

Flexor carpi radialis

Palmaris longus

Flexor carpi ulnaris

What muscle makes up the intermediate layer of the forearm flexors?

Flexor digitorum superficialis

What 3 muscles make up the deep layer of forearm flexors?

Flexor digitorum profundus

Pronator quadratus

Flexor pollicis longus

What forearm muscles are responsible for pronation?

Pronator teres, pronator quadratus

What forearm muscles are responsible for wrist flexion?

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus

What forearm flexors are responsible for radial and ulnar deviation

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris

What forearm extensors assist in radial and ulnar deviation?

Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris

What forearm muscles are responsible for digit flexion?

flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus

What is the innervation of palmaris longus

median nerve

What is the innervation of flexor digitorum profundus?

Median (D2,3), Ulnar (D4,5)

Whats the deal with brachioradialis?

It is a radial nerve innnervated flexor

What 3 forearm muscles extend the wrist?

Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL)

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)

Extensor carpi ulnaris

What is the innervation of the forearm extensors?

Radial

What are the 3 thumb extensors?

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extensor pollicis lognus

What are the forearm supinators?

Biceps

Supinator

Brachioradialis

What is the nerve to the biceps?

Musculocutaneous

What is the nerve to supinator muscle?

Radial

What are the intrinsic muscles on the thenar side of hand, lateral to medial in anatomical position?

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis

What are the intrinsic muscles on the hypothenar side of hand, lateral to medial?

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi

Opponens digiti minimi

What is the nerve and action of palmaris brevis?

Ulnar

Skin scruncher

What are the attachment sites of the lumbricals?

Flexor digitorum profundus to extensor apparatus

What are the nerves to the lumbricals?

Same as FDP - median 2-3, ulnar 4-5

What is the action of the lumbricals?

Makes a table with fingers at big knuckles

What are the attachments of pronator teres?

PA: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process

DA: Lateral surface of radius

What are the attachments of pronator quadratus?

PA: Anterior surface of ulna

DA: Anterior surface of radius

What are the attachments of flexor carpi radialis?

PA: Medial epicondyle of humerus

DA: Base of 2nd metacarpal

What are the attachments of palmaris longus?

PA: Medial epicondyle of humerus

DA: Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

What are the attachments of flexor carpi ulnaris?

PA: Medial epicondyle of humerus, olecranon

DA: Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum superficialis?

PA: Medial epicondyle of humerus, anterior border of radius

DA: Middle phalanges of medial 4 digits

What are the attachments for flexor pollicis longus?

PA: anterior radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

DA: Base of distal phalanx of thumb

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum profundus?

PA: Medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

DA: Bases of distal phalanges 2-5

What are the attachments of extensor carpi radialis longus?

PA: Lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus

DA: Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

What are the attachments of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

PA: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

DA: Dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

What are the attachments of extensor carpi radialis?

PA: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior border of ulna

DA: Dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal