Marine Bio Exam 4

what are the 3 major groups of marine fishes

1. bony fishes

2. cartilaginous fishes

3. jawless fishes

What are the differences between bony and cartilaginous fish anatomy (SKELETONS)

1. bony: skeletons made of bone/skeleton made of cartilage

What are the differences between bony and cartilaginous fish anatomy (SWIM BLADDER)

Bony fish have a swim bladder, cartilaginous do not

What are the differences between bony and cartilaginous fish anatomy (GILLS)

Bony fish gills are covered by an operculum, cartilaginous have exposed gill slits

What are the differences between bony and cartilaginous fish anatomy (SWIM BLADDER)

Bony have a swim bladder cartilaginous do not

What are the differences between bony and cartilaginous fish anatomy (SCALES)

Bony have Cycloid/ctenoid scales are thin and flexible, Cartilaginous: Placoid tough tooth like scales

What are the differences between bony and cartilaginous fish anatomy (TAIL)

Bony fish: tail homoceral (upper lobe about equal length to lower lobe / Cartilaginous: heteroceral (upper lobe longer than lower lobe)

Bony fish vs cartilaginous pectoral fins use

B: many (maneuvering, locomotion, flying, crawling, attachment)

C: lift

Bony fish vs cartilaginous pelvic fins use

B: turning, balancing, braking

C: lift & production

Bony fish vs cartilaginous dorsal fins use

B: stability & steering

C: stability

Bony fish vs cartilaginous anal fins use

B: stability & steering

C: stability & reduction of drag

Bony fish vs cartilaginous caudal fin use

B: Homocercal: propulsion

C: Heterocercal: propulsion & lift

What are the different body forms and lifestyles

1. Fusiform: torpedo-shaped → fast swimmers (tuna)

2. Depressiform: flatenned top to bottom → live seafloor (sea moth)

3. Compressiform: flattened side to side → quick manuvering & fit in narrow spaces (flatfish)

4. Anguliform: long cylindrical serpentine → slithering crevices (freshwater eel)

5. Teeniform: ribbon like more vertically compressed (gunnel)

6. Filiform: thread like /long thin (snipe eel)

7. irregular: complex specialized → camouflage

8. ostraciiform: box like/triangular → rigid armour like scales

9. Globiform: sub spherical defensive shape→ inflate to deter predators

What is the gas exchange in fish and how is the respiratory system specialized for max efficiency

• gills absorb oxygen from water

• water flows over gill filaments

• countercurrent exchange keeps gradient maximize uptake