exam

Divorce definition

The legal dissolution of a marriage by a court

What are some commin problems that a marriage might face

• arguments

• Financial difficulties

• Infertility

• Sexual problems

• Adultery

• Domestic violence

5 grounds for divorce in NI

• adultery

• Unreasonable behaviour

• Desertion for 2 years

• 2 years separation with consent

• 5 years separation

An organisation that offers help with couples who are struggling in their marriage

Relate NI

What does Malach 2: 16 say about divorce

It says that God hates divorce and that a man who divorces his wife does wrong on one whom he should protect.

Where dies Jesus teach about the permanent nature of marriage

Jesus teaches in Matthew that when a couple marry, they are united and become one flesh and so man should not separate what God has united

How was divorce associated with adultery in the Bible

When a man divorced his wife, if she was to remarry, she became an adulteress as she had known her husband physically. A man who married a divorced woman became an adulterer also as he would lie with another man's wife.

What does the Roman Catholic Church say on the topic of divorce

Marriage is a sacrament and so a couple will always be married in the eyes of God.

They should therefore not divorce or remarry.

What do the Protestant denominations say about divorce

Churches like the Presbyterian Church accept that sometimes a marriage must end in legal divorce but remarriage is only allowed if the minister agrees to it.

According to the Christian church, in what kind of relationship should sex take place?

In a married relationship

What are the 2 purposes of sexual intercourse within a married relationship

• unitive (to join the couple together)

• Procreative (to have children)

Which verse in Gensis reveals the purpose of sexual intercourse

“That is why a man leave his father and mither and is united with his wife, and they have become one”

“Be fruitful and increase in number”

How does the church of ireland view human sexuality

As “a wonderful gift from God” that should not be devalued

How does the christian church view homosexuality

Views range from outright condemnation to complete acceptance;

however, all agree that homosexual people should be treated with love and respect.

Which denomination views homosexuality as ‘incompatible with scripture’

The church of ireland

What does the New Testament say about homosexuality

• Jesus presents God's ideals for sexual relationships - a man and a woman becoming 'one flesh.

• Paul condemns homosexuality in his letters to Christians in Rome and Corinth.

An example of an organisation that finds homosexuality amongst christians acceptable

Changing Attitudes Ireland

What do they base their views on CAI

• They believe that the homosexuality condemned in the Bible does not refer to loving and committed relationships.

• They also point out that many other teachings of Paul are not adhered to, such as women holding positions of authority.

What does celibacy mean

To remain unmarried and without sexual relations for religious reasons

What does chastity mean

To abstain from sexual reasons

advantages of avoiding pre-marital sex

• It could reduce the risk of an unwanted pregnancy and the transmission of STIs.

• It could also reduce the potential for regrets as the sexual relationship is more likely to be committed and exclusive.

2 reasons why Christian teaching on sexual relations is outdated

• Many people choose not to get married but still wish to have sex.

• Many feel that Christian teaching is discriminatory to people in a homosexual relationship

What does cohabitation mean

The state of living together and having a sexual relationship without being married

Benefits of cohabitation over marriage

• Many don't see the point and weddings can be expensive

• Easier to end relationship - no divorce required

• No stigma attached to raising children outside of marriage anymore

• Upholding the Christian ideal is no longer necessary in an increasingly secular society

Advantages of priests staying celibate

• Sacrificing marriage demonstrates true commitment. It allows people to focus solely on God without distractions.

• Recommended by Apostle Paul - "An unmarried man is concerned about the Lord's affairs-how he can please the Lord."

• Celibacy amongst priests has been the tradition for centuries. Roman Catholic services occur very frequently and it might be unfair on his family if he had one.

• It safeguards the priest against the risk of divorce

Advantages of clergy marrying

• Married clergymen might be more relatable to married members of the congregation.

• Many Protestant clergymen are married and fulfil their role.

• There is a worrying shortage of priests in the Roman Catholic Church and some think the vow of celibacy deters young people. If priests had sons, they might want to follow in their father's footsteps.

• God created Eve because he saw that it wasn't good for man to be alone. Many people find their Christian work is helped by being able to work with a Christian partner.

List the 5 aims of punishment

• deterrence

• Protection

• Reform

• Retribution

• Vindication

Explain the 5 aims of punishment

• Reform: The idea that punishments should try to change criminals so that they will not commit crimes again.

• Deterrence: The idea that punishments will be of such a nature that they will put people off (deter) committing crimes.

• Retribution: The idea that punishments should make criminals pay for what they have done wrong.

• Protection: Crime hurts people. People therefore need protecting as far as possible from criminal action. This is why violent criminals are put in prison.

• Vindication: Offenders must be punished to show that the law must be respected and is right.

What is capital punishment

The practice of executing someone as a punishment for a very serious crime, such as murch

3 countries where capital punishment is legal

China, Iran, Saudi Arabia

Where has the death penalty been abolished

UK

Which denomination changed their position on the death penalty

The Roman Catholic Church

2 other denominations which oppose the death penalty

Methodist, Presbyterian

Which verse in Genesis would be used to show support for the death penalty

“Man was made like God, so whoever murders a man will be killed by his fellow man”

Which verse in Exodus suggests that revenge is to be taken on an offender

The punishment shall be life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth

How can the commandment, 'Do not murder be used in a debate about capital punishment?

Supports death penalty as it shows the seriousness of murder.

OR

This commandment is against all taking of human life, whether by a murderer or by the state giving a punishment.

Which verse in Matthew can be used to argue that you cannot justify killing a murderer as a punishment?

'But now I tell you, do not take revenge on someone who wrongs you.'

5 arguements for capital punishment

• It protects society from evil people.

• It is the ultimate payback for someone who has committed a horrendous crime.

• It is the cheapest and most cost-effective way of dealing with a serious criminal.

• It acts as a deterrent to other criminals because the punishment is so severe.

• It brings justice and closure to the victims and their family.

5 arguements against capital punishment

• It is uncivilised and devalues human life. No one deserves to be sentenced to death, regardless of the crime. Life imprisonment would be a better punishment.

• The wrong person could be condemned, and the state would not be able to rectify the mistake.

• It is revenge, not justice. Putting the guilty to death does not lessen the grief people have to endure.

• The threat of being caught is only a deterrent in a planned crime; however, many murders are not premeditated.

• Capital punishment removes the chance of rehabilitation for the criminal.

Define restorative justice

A problem-solving approach to crime, using mediation, giving the offender the opportunity to repair the harm they have caused in some way

What did Jesus teach in the Parable of the Lost Son

That we should forgive those who repent and be happy when they return to ask for forgiveness

What parable teaches God will forgive us if we forgive others

The parable of the Unforgiving Servant

Where does Jesus teach about forgiveness

The Lord’s Prayer

Benefits of restorative justice

• Victims can feel they have a voice, and it enables offenders to understand the impact of their actions on others

• There is less chance of someone re-offending. It can lead to lower levels of crime and disorder.

• Money is saved when offenders are not prosecuted and sent to prison

• Conflicts in the community can be dealt with before they escalate into crime and communities can play an active role in resolving disputes

• Victims may offer forgiveness to offenders

What are the limitations of restorative justice

• For restorative justice to work, the offender must admit to the offence and both the victim and offender have to agree to take part.

• Some situations might be too challenging for the victim to meet the offender.

• Restorative justice needs a co-operative effort by communities and the government, so everybody must be willing to work together for the common good

What is reform

The idea that punishment should try to change criminals so that they will not commit crimes again

What is deterrence

The idea that punishments will be of such nature that they will put people off

What is retribution

Punishments should make criminals pay for what they have done

What is rehabilitation

Readapt to normal life and thinking in society

What is justice

Due allocation of reward and punishment, the maintenance of what is right

What is vindication

Offenders must be punished to show that the law must be respected and is right

What is a crime

An act that breaks the law of the land

What is reparation

To make amends for something you have done

What is marriage

The legal binding of a relationship between 2 people

Explain some reasons why people get married

• for love and companionship

• To signify a life-long commitment and make a public commitment to each other

• Provide security for children

• For legal status and financial security

• Religious beliefs

What quality might a christian look for in a marriage partner

Same religious faith

Describe some reason why many couples today choose to live together rather than get married

• by living togeher, couples can share their lives together, even bringing up a family, without the planning and expenses of a wedding

• The relationship may not turn out to be as long lasting as anticipated; it is easier to separate without marriage

• living together can also be seen as a sensible and practical way of really getting to know a partner before making a more serious commitment

Which verse in Mark is used to support the idea that marriage should be permanent

No human being then must separate, what God has joined together

What does Paul teach about marriage in Ephesians

Paul states that marriage is based on love and respect. He compares the love of a man for a woman to love which Christ has for the Church (his followers)

Which denomination describes marriage as ‘life-long partnership of man and wife with absalute faithfulness the one to the other’

Presbyterian church

How can the Christian teaching on marriage be summarised

• marriage is SACRED- marriage is holy and pleasung to God because he commanded them to do it

• marriage is for PROCREATION- it is the best relationship in which to have children in

• marriage is PERMANENT- the husband and wife are committed to each other forever

• marriage is GIVE AND TAKE- a married person can no longer think solely about themselves but must consider the thoughts and feelings of their partner

• marriage is EXCLUSIVE- a married couple must be faithful to one another, giving themselves exclusively to eachother in a sexual relationship

• marriage is built on LOVE AND RESPECT- christ laid down his life for humanity so the same sort of live should be present in a marriage relationship (known as agape love)

non-religious wedding venues

• town hall

• Registered

Why might a couple exchange rings during a wedding ceremony

As a sign of their endless love and exclusive commitment to eachother

Explain the importance of vows taken at a christian wedding

• marriage is the right place for a sexual relationship ‘To have and to hold from this day forward’

• In marriage, two people give themselves exclusively to eachother and should remain faithful to eachother’ forsaking all others’

• Marriage should be permanent ‘Till death do us part‘

• the couple should stand by eachother, even during difficulties ‘for better for worse, for richer and poorer, in sickness and in health’

• Marriage is God’s intention for a couple ‘according to God’s holy law’

Why is the signing of the register significant

It is a legal requirement of getting married in the UK

What words of Jesus does the minister or priesf quote as part of the warning in the marriage ceremony

“Man must not separate, then, what God has joined together”

What is an inter-church marriage

Involves the marriage of 2 christians from different denominations

What is an inter-faith marriage

Involves 2 people from different religions

What are marriage preparation classes?

Often run by churches to ensure that the couple are well matched and that they go into the marriage with realistic expectations n

Christian teaching im marriage IS realistic

• Christianity sets standards that are high, but these should be the ideal for every couple. The Bible emphasises the importance of fidelity in a relationship. Many people would agree that it is wrong to cheat on a partner, so this teaching is still relevant for today.

• Marriage is a commitment and with effort put into the relationship, there is no reason why it should not be lifelong. The idea of permanent marriage is not unrealistic.

• Christianity teaches that marriage should be built on self-sacrificing love, comparing the love of Christ for the Church as the ideal for couples. Marriages today should still be based on love and respect.

• Many marriages do last a lifetime, so there is no reason to assume that marnages today will not be permanent and will end in divorce.

Christian teaching on marriage IS NOT relevant

• Divorce is becoming increasingly common so many people would agree that the Christian idea of marriage for life is no longer relevant.

• People live a lot longer than in the past. People can change; they may fall out of love and want a second chance at happiness.

• For some couples, the pressure of everyday living place too much strain on the marriage. These may include debt, unemployment or coping with the death of a loved one.

• The media and society seem to reinforce the idea that the Christian teaching of marriage for life is outdated. Divorce and affairs outside of marriage are often seen as acceptable or inevitable.

Euthanasia definition

The intentional ending of a life; usually with the intention if ending suffering

What is active definition

When someone directly and deliberately causes the patients death

What is passive euthanasia

Withdrawing or withholding medical treatments to deliberately allow the patient to die

What us voluntary euthanasia

Euthanasia is carrued out at the request of the person who dies

What is non voluntary euthanaisa

The persom cannot make a decision or canniug make their wishes known regarding euthanasia, and someone makes the decision on their behalf

What is involuntary euthanasia

The person who died wants to live but is killed anyway. It is usually the same as murder but not always

What is palliative care

Medical, emotional or spiritual care given to person who is terminally ill and is aimed at reducing suffering rather than curing

An organisation in support if voluntary euthanasia

Dignity in Dying

An organisation against voluntary euthanasia

The hospice movement

Is euthanasia legal in Britain

No

What is the punishment fir assisting somebody in taking their own life

Imprisonment for 14 years

A country where euthanasia is legal

Switzerland

What does the bible say about who is in control of your life

The Bible says that Gid created life and that only he can take it away

What does the bible say about your life beung valuble

The bible says that all life is precious to god and that he has a plan fior each and every life

Which commandment applies to euthanasia

6th- Do not kill

What does the Roman Catholic Church say about euthanasia

It is morally unacceptable. People should be shown love and support

What does the presbyterian church say about euthanasia

It says that our focus should be on caring for the dying, not killing them

What dies the church of Ireland say about euthanasia

It says that all life is a gift from God

define abortion

the premature expulsion of the foetus from the womb

why is abortion controversial

people disagree about when life begins, often determines whether or not people view it as murder

some reasons for choosing abortion

• pregnancy is unplanned

• rape

• woman’s life/health could be at risk

• the baby has a severe disability or fatal abnormality

• could interfere with education/ career plans

alternatives to abortion

• keeping and raising the baby

• adoption

• foster care

• family member

what do pro-life groups campaign for

the oppose abortion and seek to protect the rights of the unborn child in the womb

example of prolife group

precious life

what do pro choice groups campaign for

they promote the legal right of a woman to choose whether or not to have an abortion

example of a pro choice group

marie stopes international

what do christian’s believe about the sanctity of life

humans are the only species created in the image of god (Gen 1:27) so human life must be respected and not disposed of in the way animal life might

summary of arguments in favour of abortion

• woman’s right to choose and if they can access abortion they may seek a dangerous alternative

• woman’s life should be prioritised over the foetus, particularly in the case of trauma

• abortion could be preferable to avoid suffering in cases of fatal foetal abnormality

summary of arguments against abortion

• unborn child should be regarded as a person and have the right to live

• may be seen as discriminatory to terminate pregnancy because a child will have a disability. as all life matters

• alternatives to abortion which could give infertile couples the opportunity to be parents