unit 3 socialisation

Socialization

Process of learning group characteristics including knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, norms, and actions essential for understanding culture.

Personality

Sum total of behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs that change over time based on experience and genetics.

Nature vs

Nature involves genetic factors and heredity, while Nurture involves human environment and interactions with others, both essential for human characteristics and culture development.

Sociobiology

Study of the biological basis of social behavior where nature plays a crucial role in human characteristics.

Natural Factors in Personality Development

Includes heredity, aptitude, instinct, and parental characteristics affecting traits like inherited mental illness and innate talent.

Cultural Environment

Determines basic personality types in society, examples include competitive, collaborative, perfectionist, etc.

Deprived Animals

Harlow's study on baby monkeys in isolation showing that lack of social resources leads to disordered behavior.

Effects of Lack of Caring Cultural Environment

Correlates with learning delays, lower IQ, substance abuse, etc.

Feral "Wild" Children

Raised by animals, lack social skills, examples like Victor of Aveyron.

Development of Self

Self develops through interactions with others, monitoring reactions from others is part of socialization.

Self

Conscious awareness of distinct identity linked to theory of mind and morality.

Theories of Self

Include John Locke, (tabula rasa)

Charles Horton Cooley, (looking glass self)

George Herbert Mead, (role-taking)

Erving goffman impression management

Looking-Glass Self

Self develops from interactions with others, includes imagining how we appear and interpreting reactions.

Role-Taking

Understanding others' feelings and thoughts, promotes cooperation in human groups.

Impression Management

Social interaction as a drama on a stage where the 'self' projected fits the context.

Structural Functionalists

Believe socialization is essential to society for successful operation and culture transmission to new generations.

Conflict Theorist

Argue that socialization reproduces inequality by conveying different expectations and norms to those with different social characteristics.

Symbolic Interactions

Study socialization concerned with face-to-face exchanges and symbolic communication.

Agents of Socialization

Individuals, groups, and institutions enabling socialization to take place.

The Family

Primary agent of socialization in almost every society.

The School

Secondary socialization process outside the home.

Peer Groups

Primary group of individuals of similar age and social characteristics.

Mass Media

Instruments of communication reaching large audiences without personal contact.

Roles

Behaviors expected from a certain status.

Role Conflict

Occurs when roles from different statuses clash.

Role Strain

Occurs when roles from a single status clash.

Resocialization

Process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors.

Total Institution

Place where people are cut off from society under almost total control of officials.