migration history OCR B GCSE

what groups came between 1250-1500?

Jews, Italian Bankers, Flemish weavers and Dutch

why did Jews come over? (1200s, cause)

Invited by William the conqueror for 'expert skills', money lenders because they didn't follow the Pope.

what was palm sunday?

murder of 400 jews, 1263

what religious aspects affected the Jews (1200s)?

Christians were taught the Jewish caused the crucifixion of Jesus, 'domus conversorum'- a conversion place where Jews would become christian (usually women and children), Christians put horns on a statue of moses

what caused hostility towards Jews in 1200s?

difference in religion, jealous(?) of protection in castles offered by king

what new king was anti-jew and kicked out the jews in 1290? (medieval)

edward 1st

impact of Jews in 1200s?

loaned money for castles and cathedrals

what did the statue of Jewry include? 1275

had to wear big yellow badges as identification, only allowed to live in certain towns, not allowed to collect interest on loans

who was 'little saint Hugh'? when were blood libels

a boy found dead (possibly by accident), a nearby Jewish man blamed for his death. blood libels- 1255

why did the Italian bankers come?

found a loophole in the Pope's teachings in 1265

impact of Italian bankers?

words like 'bank', wealthy families like the Bardi family were bankers who helped the start of London being recognised as an international financial market. England going from a producer of raw materials to a powerful manu. + trading econ.

when did england conquer wales?

1283, money loaned by Italians

why did the Flemish come to England?

King Edward allowed them to set up their own weaver's guilds, king halted all export of English wool-forced to come, offered protection, 100 years war and rebellions, England needed workers after plague

experience of Flemish and Dutch:

revered and respected for their craft

impact of Dutch

replaced Britain's ale with beer, opticians, brothels

impact of Flemish

brick makers impacted style of houses, provided more work for sheep shearers and dyers, growth in cloth trade- Manchester became a powerhouse of textile trade, towns with more looms=higher tax

what groups came between 1500-1750

huguenots, hansa merchants, palatines, African and Indian, gypsies, jews

what was the st bartholemew's massacre?

Paris, 1572. 2,000+ french protestants murdered

cause of huguenot migration to england

dangerous to be protestant in france after the reformation

experience of huguenots

seen as protestant allies, hard-working, granted letters of denization by king charles ii

when were the anti-immigrant riots (Huguenots)?

1631. thought they were taking away jobs

impacts of Huguenots

made uniform for EIC, 10% of financial backing for bank of england, revitalised silk trade, cutlery trade

How many Palatines came?

13,000 in 1709

why did palatines come?

religious percecution, encouraged to leave Germany by the english-owned carolina company, britain as a stop on the way to america

why were the Palatines hard to help?

came at a time of high taxes and high food prices due to efforts against the spanish

how did the British help the Palatines?

set up refuge camps (greenwich), public raised £20,000

an example of a bad reaction to the Palatines?

stoned by mobs in Kent

why did the opinion shift on Palatines?

found out that 1/3 were catholic

what was the official response to the palatines?

granted some passage to the US, others to Ireland (faced prosecution for being protestant, weren't used to the new lands, poverty)

when did Britain ban german migration

1709

hansa merchant cause

henry iii granted them a charter to take control of much of the English wool trade

hansa merchant experience

portrait of a merchant by Hans Holbein showed they were well-connected and living comfortably however some riots

evil may day

1517, rioters attacked the steelyard-14 tried and hanged

why did henry iii arrest 3 hansas?

suspected of smuggling books by martin luther into london, 1526

when were hansa merchants expelled by elizabeth i?

1597

what did romani gypsies mainly work as?

herbalists, pot menders, pedlars, seen as vagrants and a drain on resources

what did the anti-gypsy law do?

1530, leave country within 16 days

what did queen mary order the gypsies to do in 1554?

give up way of life or be excecuted

what did Queen elizabeth order the gypsies to do in 1592?

they may stay if they were born in england and give up their ways, if not then excecution

why did the jews come back in emp?

1656, refugees from catholic spain

why did cromwell petition for the jews' return?

may finance loans against catholic threats

what were jews not allowed to do? emp

become lawyers, attend university, join army

impact of jews emp

involved in trade, bought huge houses, funded synagogues like one in aldgate

by what year were there 8000 jews in england?

1700

first record of an indian in england

bengali boy baptised peter- found in a portrait

why did indians come to england emp?

eic set up trade links, servants because wanted to live same luxury in england as in india, fashionable to own foreign servants

what are letters of denization?

letters written by monarchs that grant citizenship to foreign-born

groups in industrial period

germans, italians, jews, irish, africans, indians, chinese

why did germans come in the industrial period?

students invited to study --> stayed to work as engineers, businessmen, designers, war engulfed Germany, rich looking for business ops, poor looking for jobs

what news agency did a german set up industrial period?

paul reuter set up reuter's news agency, successful

what impact did germans make in industrial period?

sausages in english breakfast, german king --> saxe-coburg gotha, karl marx- new ideas

why did jews come in industrial period

escaping pogroms (riots in russia), already here

what were jews allowed to do industrial period?

serve as lawyers, attend cambridge-1833, 1830 allowed to trade in city

exp. of jews Industrial period

overcrowded lodgings, becoming more accepted

what group and when created marks and spencer's

jews, industrial period

how many italians migrated in industrial period?

750,000 from 1871-1881

why did italians come to england? IP

forced military conscription, civil war, cholera, job opportunities because of england's industrialisation

which italian couple set up an italian food shop in manchester?

carlo and carolina tiani

what jobs did italians work? IP

common jobs like road building, ice cream, organ grinders

italians exp. IP

little prejudice (thought to have brought over cholera), young italian boys exploited

what place in London is now known as 'little italy'?

clerkenwell

how many italians were settled in england by 1901?

20,000

italian impact

italian schools, hospitals, churches, ice cream

irish cause

1845 great potato famine-food prices rose-landlords evicting poor-starvation, 'money crops' sold instead of feeding population, richer went to US, poorer went to UK (closer)

how many irish left ireland between 1846 and 1850?

100,000,000

irish exp.

overcrowded cellars, dirty- cholera spread, bad public opinion

why did the irish have a bad public opinion

poverty turned to thievery, anti-irish propaganda in cartoons, regarded as another race entirely (celts), religion

irish nationalist group

fenians-carried out attacks against police

what were navvies?

worked on building canals, railways, docks

when were there anti-irish riots?

1848

irish living conditions

cramped, unsanitary cellars underground

what act was a result of the cramped conditions of tthe irish

the liverpool sanitary act, 1846

irish impacts

revitalisation of the catholic church, canals, railways, docks, writers

what irish writer came to britain

oscar wilde

how many irish joined the army

55,000

why were africans brought to england IP?

slave trade (legislation ignored)

african experience IP

racism deeply rooted into all classes, lots unable to get jobs- number of black beggars on the street increased

what committee was set up to aid and resettle ex black slaves IP

the committee for the relief of black poor supported by Granville Sharp (an abolitionist).

what black actor had strong supporters IP

Ira Aldridge, performed in shakespeare's plays like othello, performed all over europe

what acts made sure indian lascars were discriminated against?

merchant shipping acts

why did indians come to england IP?

increased british control over india, non-british sailors took over in times of war when british sailors drafted into navy

who was Dadabhai Naoroji?

1st british asian MP- by 6 votes

who was Cornelia Sorabji?

first woman to study law( at Oxford) in a british university

who was Abdul Karim?

servant to queen victoria, was a munshi (teacher) to her- taught her basics of hindustani, strong bond

what would usually happen to lascars?

grim lodging houses, discharged without pay

what would usually happen to ayahs?

travel the journey from India with british family, stranded at docks

what help was offered to ayahs?

end of the century, charities began to set up homes for ayahs.

indians impact IP

lascars put down roots, some of Britain's first multi-racial, working-class communities, lascars boosted Englands trade by sea

why did chinese migrants come to england? IP

Britain won the opium wars (1840s)- trade links established, growing demand of products such as silk and opium from rich

how were chinese men seen as? IP

hardworking, looked after families

what were referred to as 'chinatowns'? IP

areas in which chinese people lived in

what was the 'yellow peril'? IP

corner in London, had a horrible reputation even though only 22 chinese people lived there

chinese impact IP

streets like nanking, canton and peking streets, laundrettes and restaurants

what groups came from 1900-present?

belgians, germans, jewish (+children), commonwealth (windrush), refugees, polish, sailors

why did Belgians come to England?

Germany invaded England in 1914

what was the aliens act?

1905, 'undesirable immigrants' would be denied entry into England

how many belgians came to england as refugees?

250,000

belgian experience

charities found homes for them, specially built camps, made clear they should leave after war

why did Germans come to england?

most already here from EMP

what was germanophobia?

hate against germans