Term 4 Vocab

AD HOMINEM

diversionary tactic of attacking the person rather than the issues at hand

AD POPULUM (BANDWAGON)

fallacy occurs when the argument is "everyone's doing it."

ANTITHETICAL ANALOGY

a relational comparison of two opposing ideas/subjects.

BEGGING THE QUESTION

speaker states a claim that includes a word or phrase that needs to be defined or is based on evidence or support that is in doubt

CAUSE AND EFFECT

correlation does not imply causation.

CIRCULAR REASONING:

fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence

EQUIVOCATION

a fallacy that uses a term with two or more meanings in an attempt to misrepresent or deceive

FALLACY

a failure of logical reasoning

FAULTY ANALOGY

an argument using an inappropriate metaphor

FALSE DILEMMA

a fallacy in which the speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices.

HASTY GENERALIZATION

a fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence.

NON SEQUITUR

is an argument by misdirection; it is logically irrelevant.

POISONING THE WELL

introducing a person or character with language that suggests that person is not at all reliable before the listener/reader knows anything else about that person

POLEMIC

aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others

RED HERRING

an argument that distracts the reader by raising issues irrelevant to the case.

SLIPPERY SLOPE

This fallacy of argumentation argues that one thing
inevitably leads to another.

STRAW MAN

fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea

SYLLOGISM

a logical structure that uses the major premise (general principle or universal truth) and the minor premise (specific case) to reach a necessary conclusion