Functional Groups and Carboxylic acid derivatives

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Last updated 7:49 PM on 4/25/26
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40 Terms

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Alkane (Substituent: alkyl)

  • a hydrocarbon with no multiple bonds

  • nonpolar

  • tetrahedral (sp3 hybridized)

  • free radical reactions

<ul><li><p>a hydrocarbon with no multiple bonds</p></li><li><p>nonpolar</p></li><li><p>tetrahedral (sp3 hybridized)</p></li><li><p>free radical reactions</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Alkene (Substituent: alkenyl)

  • a hydrocarbon with at least 1 C-C double bond

  • nonpolar

  • trigonal planar (sp2 hybridized)

  • addition reactions, oxidative cleavage

  • stability increases with # carbons attached

<ul><li><p>a hydrocarbon with at least 1 C-C double bond</p></li><li><p>nonpolar</p></li><li><p>trigonal planar (sp2 hybridized)</p></li><li><p>addition reactions, oxidative cleavage</p></li><li><p>stability increases with # carbons attached</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Alkyne (Substituent: alkynyl)

  • a hydrocarbon with at least 1 C-C triple bond

  • nonpolar

  • linear (sp hybridized)

  • addition reactions, oxidative cleavage, acid-base reactions

<ul><li><p>a hydrocarbon with at least 1 C-C triple bond</p></li><li><p>nonpolar</p></li><li><p>linear (sp hybridized)</p></li><li><p>addition reactions, oxidative cleavage, acid-base reactions</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Benzene Ring

(Substituent: phenyl)

<p>(Substituent: phenyl)</p>
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Alcohol

(Substituent: hydroxy)

<p>(Substituent: hydroxy)</p>
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ether

(Substituent: alkoxy)

<p> (Substituent: alkoxy) </p>
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alkyl halide

(Substituent: haloalkyl)

<p>(Substituent: haloalkyl)</p>
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amine

(Substituent: amino)

<p> (Substituent: amino)</p>
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aldehyde

<p></p>
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ketone

<p></p>
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carboxylic acid

(suffix: -oic acid)

<p>(suffix: -oic acid)</p>
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ester

<p></p>
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thiol

(Substituent: mercapto)

<p>(Substituent: mercapto)</p>
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sulfide

(suffix: sulfide)

<p>(suffix: sulfide)</p>
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epoxide

<p></p>
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nitrile

<p></p>
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imine

  • nitrogen-containing analogues of ketones and aldehydes

<ul><li><p>nitrogen-containing analogues of ketones and aldehydes</p></li></ul><p></p>
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acyl halide

<p></p>
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amide

<p></p>
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anhydride

<p></p><p></p>
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Nitro

<p></p>
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Enol

  • alkenes attached to a hydroxyl substituent

  • good nucleophiles, will perform addition reactions to aldehydes and ketones

<ul><li><p>alkenes attached to a hydroxyl substituent</p></li><li><p>good nucleophiles, will perform addition reactions to aldehydes and ketones</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Enolate

  • the conjugate bases of enols

  • excellent nucleophiles

<ul><li><p>the conjugate bases of enols</p></li><li><p>excellent nucleophiles</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Enamine

  • alkenes attached to an amino substituent

  • excellent nucleophiles

<ul><li><p>alkenes attached to an amino substituent</p></li><li><p>excellent nucleophiles</p></li></ul><p></p>
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tert-butyl

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isopropyl

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isobutyl

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sec-butyl

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Acid Chloride

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Acid Anhydride

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Ester

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Amide

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Nitrile

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ethanoic acid

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ethanoyl chloride

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ethanoic anhydride

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methyl ethanoate

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ethanamide

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ethanenitrile

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thioester

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