Industrial and Organizational Psychology – D576 with 100% accurate solutions + rationales with 100% accurate solutions + rationales

Industrial/Organizational Psychology

Application of psychological principles to the workplace to improve performance and satisfaction.

Personnel Psychology

Focuses on recruitment, selection, and evaluation of employees.

Organizational Psychology

Studies social interactions and organizational culture.

Human Factors

Optimizes human interaction with machines and environments.

Job Analysis

Process of determining job tasks, KSAOs, and work conditions.

Job Evaluation

Determining job worth to ensure pay equity.

Realistic Job Preview (RJP)

Recruitment method showing both positive and negative job aspects.

Hawthorne Effect

Behavioral change due to being observed.

Four-Fifths Rule

Guideline for determining adverse impact in hiring.

Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)

Legal job requirement that may allow for discrimination.

Structured Interview

Interview with standardized questions and scoring.

Unstructured Interview

Flexible interview lacking standardization.

Adverse Impact

When employment practices disadvantage protected groups.

Protected Class

Groups safeguarded under employment law (e.g., race, sex, age).

Behavioral Ethics

Study of how people make ethical decisions.

Grievance System

Process for resolving employee complaints.

Performance Appraisal

Evaluation of an employee's performance.

360-Degree Feedback

Performance input from multiple sources.

Peter Principle

Promotion to one's level of incompetence.

Trait Dimension

Appraises personal attributes (e.g., friendliness).

Task Dimension

Appraises completion of specific job tasks.

Goal Dimension

Measures achievement of specific objectives.

Contextual Dimension

Assesses prosocial workplace behaviors.

Competency Dimension

Evaluates skills, knowledge, and abilities.

Needs Analysis

Identifies training needs (organizational, task, person).

Organizational Analysis

Identifies training barriers and enablers.

Task Analysis

Identifies tasks requiring training.

Person Analysis

Identifies who needs training and in what.

Transfer of Training

Application of learned skills to the job.

Distributed Practice

Learning spaced over time.

Massed Practice

Learning in a short, intense session.

Gamification

Use of game elements in training.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Motivational theory with five levels of human needs.

Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

Distinguishes motivators and hygiene factors.

Job Characteristics Theory

Identifies core job features that enhance motivation.

Job Enrichment

Increasing job depth for more responsibility.

Job Enlargement

Expanding the number of tasks performed.

Job Rotation

Moving employees between different jobs.

Work-Life Balance

Equilibrium between personal and work responsibilities.

Employee Engagement

Emotional commitment to an organization.

Organizational Commitment

Psychological attachment to an organization.

Trait Theory

Leadership is based on individual characteristics.

Behavioral Theory

Leadership is learned through behaviors.

Contingency Theory

Effective leadership depends on context.

Transformational Leadership

Inspires through vision and support.

Transactional Leadership

Based on rewards and punishments.

Team Cohesion

Degree of closeness and collaboration in a team.

Tuckman's Stages

Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning.

Conflict Resolution

Managing and resolving workplace disagreements.

Active Listening

Fully concentrating on and understanding the speaker.

Feedback Loop

Continuous cycle of feedback and improvement.

Lewin's Change Model

Unfreeze, Change, Refreeze process.

Resistance to Change

Employee pushback against new policies.

Organizational Culture

Shared values, norms, and practices in an organization.

Burnout

Emotional and physical exhaustion from prolonged stress.

Resilience Training

Improves ability to cope with stress.

Change Agent

Person responsible for guiding change efforts.

Coping Strategies

Methods for dealing with stress.

Stressors

Events or conditions that cause stress.