cellular Energy quiz

What two things must be added to ADP in order to form ATP?

The two things that must be added to ADP to make ATP are phosphate and energy from electrons.

Why is ATP used for many body functions even though glucose is a more stable form of energy?

ATP is not as stable as glucose but is used for many of the body's functions. Glucose is a more stable form of energy that can be stored.

What are the products of photosynthesis? and how do animals obtain or use glucose?

Photosynthesis products are glucose and oxygen (O2), inputs are water and ATP. Animals use photosynthesis or heterotrophs, consume glucose.

Where does photosynthesis occur in cells, and where does cellular respiration occur?

Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts (plants). Respiration occurs in mitochondria (both).

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration, and approximately how many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose?

The reason for respiration is so that the cell can produce ATP. Approximately, 36 ATP are produced for every molecule of glucose broken down.

What are the three major stages of aerobic respiration in order, and how much ATP does each stage produce?

The three major processes in aerobic respiration, in order, are:

* Glycolysis (net 2 ATP)

* Krebs Cycle (2 ATP)

* Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)

What factor limits the rate of aerobic respiration, and what process might cells use when oxygen is unavailable?

Oxygen limits the rate of aerobic respiration. Fermentation might be used when there is a lack of oxygen.

During photosynthesis, where does chlorophyll obtain the electron it replaces after losing one energized by light?

Chlorophyll gives away an electron when energized by light. It gets this electron back from a water molecule.

Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration considered a cycle, and what part of the system does not cycle?

Photosynthesis and respiration can be thought of as a cycle because the products of one process are the reactants of the other.

The process that does not cycle is the flow of energy.

What products are formed during fermentation in humans compared to fermentation in yeast?

In humans, fermentation produces lactic acid, while in yeast, it produces ethanol and carbon dioxide.

How does a Calorie compare to a calorie in terms of size?

 A Calorie is 1000 times bigger than a calorie.

About how many Calories are contained in 1 gram of protein, carbohydrates, and fat?

About how many Calories are in 1 gram of:

* protein: 4

* carbohydrate: 4

* fat: 9