Chap 5: Different Models in Teaching Literature

Models in Teaching Literature

used by teachers to help students

• understand literary texts

• analyse “

• appreciate

Models vs Approaches vs Methods

1. MODEL

• broad framework

• design for learning

• guide for creating learning environments

• help student interact

• encourages development

• focus: plan strategy & learning design

2. APPROACH

• theoretical beliefs

• teaching orientation

• planning strategy

• focus: how learning should take place

3. METHOD

• classroom techniques

• procedures

• teaching practices

• focus: how lessons are carried out

3 Main Models in Teaching Literature

According to Carter and Long

1. cultural model

2. language model

3. personal growth model

Cultural Model

1. traditional approach to teaching literature

2. focuses on:

• culture

• history

• society

• ideology

3. literature viewed as product of specific culture

Purposes of Cultural Model

• understand cultures

• appreciate diff ideologies

• develop awareness of artistic forms

• understand feelings and perspectives from societies

Key Characteristics: Cultural Product

text are seen as products of:

• social conditions

• historical periods

• political environments

• cultural beliefs

context based learning:

• social context

• political context

• historical context

• literary context

Cultural Model: Classroom Practices

1. teacher-centered:

• main source of info

• expert

• lecturer

2. teaching methods

• lectures

• explanation

• contextual analysis

3. associated approach

• information-based approach

• paraphrastic approach

• stylistic approach

4. classroom tasks

• historical settings

• social conditions

• research the author

Strengths and Weaknesses: Cultural Model

1. Strengths

• develops cultural awareness

• promotes historical understanding

• encourages intercultural competence

• deepens contextual understanding

2. Weaknesses

• teacher centred

• students = passive learners

• less emphasis on personal engagement

Language Model

1. systematic way to access literary text

2. Main purpose:

• improve language proficiency

3. key characteristics: lit for

• vocab

• grammar

• reading skills

• writing

• speaking

Classroom Activities: Language Model

[CubaPergiJohorSupayaCinaRamai]

1. Cloze Procedures

2. Prediction Exercises

3. Jumbled Sentences

4. Summary Writing

5. Creative Writing

6. Roleplay

Example task: Language Model

1. analyse personafication

2. analyse metaphor

3. interpret imagery

4. create their own figurative language

Strengths and Weaknesses

1. Strengths

• improve language proficiency

• encourages active participation

2. Weaknesses

• may overlook literary appreciation

• focus too much on language exercises

Personal Growth Model

Focuses on students’:

1. Personal development

2. emotions

3. experiences

4. personal characteristics

Main Purpose;

• themes

• issues

• values

Key Characteristics Personal Connections: Personal Growth Model

student relate texts to:

• experiences

• feelings

• opinions

• society

Example Classroom Task: Personal Growth Model

[

1. analyse themes

2. discuss moral values

3. connect issues to society

Strengths and Weaknesses

1. Strengths

• encourages empathy

• develops critical thinking

• personal connections

• lifelong reading

2. Weaknesses

• responses = highly subjective

• difficult to assess objectively