Long Exam 1 Concepts

8.85 × 10^-12 C² / Nm²

Constant: ∈₀

Electric Charge

An intrinsic property of protons and electrons.

Coulomb (C)

SI Unit of Charge

Constant

During any process, the net electric charge (algebraic sum of all the electric charges) of an isolated system remains [ANSWER].

Conductor

Permits the easy movement of charge through it

Examples: metals such as copper, silver, gold

Insulator

Does not permit the easy movement of charge through it

Examples: nonmetals such as rubber, ceramic, paper

Charging by Contact

The process of giving one object a net electric charge by placing it in contact with another object that is already charged.

Charging by Induction

The process of giving one object a net electric charge without touching the object.

Polarization

A slight shifting of charge within the molecules of a neutral insulator.

Directly Proportional

Indirectly Proportional

The magnitude of the electric force between two point charges is [ANSWER] to the product of their charges and [ANSWER] to the square of the distance between them.

Electric Field

The electrostatic force experienced by a small test charge q₀ placed at a point divided by the charge itself.

Positive

The electric field is a vector, and its direction is the same as the direction of the force on a [ANSWER] test charge.

Electric Field Lines

A kind of “map” that gives the direction and strength of the field at various places.

Positive

Negative

Electric field lines are always directed away from [ANSWER] charges and toward [ANSWER] charges.

Magnitude

Electric field lines also provide information about the [ANSWER] or strength of the field.

Stronger

The lines are closer together near the charges, where the electric field is [ANSWER].

Weaker

At distances far from the charges, where the electric field is [ANSWER], the lines are more spread out.

Positive

Negative

Electric field lines originate from a [ANSWER] charge and terminate at a [ANSWER] charge.

Intersect

Electric field lines never [ANSWER].

Electric Dipole

A pair of charges that have same magnitude but opposite sign, separated by a distance d.

Electric Dipole Moment

The product between the charge and the distance of separation.

Electric Flux

The amount of electric field passing through a given surface.

Gauss’s Law

In the direction of E

The torque on an electric dipole placed in a uniform electric field E tends to turn the dipole moment p to orient it [ANSWER].