ch 14 reactions

Reactions of acyl chlorides

Group replaces cl but for amines there needs to be two equivalents

Reactions of acid anhydrides

Group replaces carbonyl group but adds the h to the elminated group, two equivalents for amines needed

Reactions of esters

Needs to be done in acidic or basic conditions so H+, OH-, or CH3O- typically used except for amines because it is already basic

Group gets replaced and leaves alcohol

Reactions of carboxylic acids

Group gets replaced and water comes out

Amines need to be heated but only need one equivalent

Reactions of amides

Requires an additional comps to make it basic conditions, H+, and heat and makes carb acid and amine or can react with SOCl2 to make an amine with a triple bond

Gabriel synthesis of a primary amine

Forms a primary amine

Hydrolysis of nitriles

Forms carb acid and amine with cl

Reactions of dicarboxylic acids

Forms a ring with oxygen in it and kicks out the weaker base

Activation of carboxylic acids by chemists

Requires heat, replaces oxygen with new group and breaks bonds

Nitrile

Amide

Ester

Acid anhydride

Acyl chloride