okay know this fr

what domains are under prokaryotes

bacteria and archea

what does the term extremophiles mean and what domain are predominately extremophiles

organisms that thrive in extreme temp, salinity, acidity or pressure

a lot of archea are extremophiles

3 shapes of bacteria

circular=coccus

rods=bacillus

spirals=spirillum

color of gram pos and neg bacteria

positive= purple/violet

negative= pink/red

function of a heterocyst

fix nitrogen in aerobic conditions

what is this and its functions

fixes nitrogen and ammonia and in return gives bacteria carbon (sugar)

what kingdom are bacteria and archaea part of

bacteria-eubacteria

archaea- archaebacteria

what domain are protists in

domain eukarya

trypanosoma uses what type of structure to help with locomotion and what disease is associated with this organism

uses flagellum

causes african sleeping sickness

what form of reproduction are daughter colonies in volvox

asexual using gonidia

chlamydomonas have a structure that allows them to perceive light what is the structure called? how does the organism reproduce sexually?

use eyespot or stigma

reproduce under unfavorable conditions, gametes form zygote → use syngamy to pair and fuse gametes → zygote surrounds itself with zygospore → undergo meiosis to produce spores

spirogyra use conjunction where conjunction tubes connect

what are the cell walls of diatoms made out of and what supergroup are diatoms a part of

cell wall made of silica and glass

supergroup gyrista bacilliariophyla

what group of organisms are responsible for red tide

dinoflagellates

what is the name of the structure amoebas use to move and how do they obtain food

pseudopods

phagocytosis

what is the name of how paramecium reproduce asexually

binary fission

what is the pellicle in euglena

flexible membrane that provides shape and fexability

what is the plasmodium and sporangium in physarum (slime molds)

plasmodium is the active feeding stage and sporangium is the dry dormat fruit like body that produces spores

what is the domain for plants

eukarya

what kingdom are plants in

kingdom plantae

how do plants feed (metabolic process they get carbon from (energy))

photosythesis

what is the asexual reproductive strategy used by liverworts (structure name and name of fragment pieces)

use fragmentation, gammae cups and gammae

function of elaters

aid in dispersal of spores (pushed out of capsule and dispersed)

what is rhizome function

store nutrients and support growth through winter and harsh conditions

what is leaf/frond function

produce food through photosynthesis, regulate gas exchange, manage water loss

what is petiole function

support leaf and facilitate resource transport

what is fiddlehead function

protect leaf tip as it pushes through soil

what generation is bryophytes is dependent on the other

sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte

what supergroup are plants in

archeaeplastida

sporogenisis and gemetogenesis

sporo- creates spores inside sporangia using meosis

gameto- makes gametophyte in archegonia and antheridia using mitosis

what is double fertilization and how is the endosperm formed and how is the zygote formed

fertilization mechanism used by angiosperms where female gametophyte and 2 male gametes join

zygote- 2 sperm travel down pollen tube to ovule and fuse with egg resulting in diploid zygote

endosperm- one sperm travels further into center of the embryo sac and fuses with polar nuclei to produce triploid nucleus

function of embryo in pine seed

independent sporophyte that will germinate and grow in to tree

function of seed coat in pine seed

protective layer (dessication)

function of megagametophyte in pine seed

primary source of nutrition, protection, and metabolic energy for embryo

what is the embryo and cotyledon

embryo results from egg sperm fertilization

cotyledon is the seed leaf produced by the embryo, function for nutrition

what is the root shoot axis

the primary, longitudinal structural axis established during early plant embryogenesis, defining polarity by separating the root meristem (below-ground, anchorage/uptake) from the shoot meristem (above-ground, leaves/flowers)

parts of the mushroom

gills, pileus and stipe

what is the filamentous body of the fungi called and collectively as a whole what is it called

hyphae and as a whole mycelium

plasmogamy vs karogamy

plasmogamy- fusion of cytoplasm

karogamy- fusion of nucleus

what phylum has mycorrhizae fungi and what are the two types of mycorrhizae

phylum glomeromycota

endomycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae

what are the growth forms of lichen and what are the two organisms that make up lichen

crustose (crust like), foliose (leaf like), fruticose (shrub like)

mycobiont (the fungus), photobiont (the photosythesizer)

how many ascospores are in an ascus and what phyla are these structures in

8 ascospores

in phylum ascomycota

penicillium is an example of what type of fungi

sac fungus, ascomycota

what is the scolex and what phyla have organisms with a scolex

tapeworm, Phylum Platyhelminthes

what is the difference between a feeding polyp and reproductive polyp

phylum cinidaria

feeding- responsible for nutrition of the entire colony, uses nematocysts (stinging cells) to capture prey (flower like)

reproductive- contains medusae that bud (transparent tube)

what does hermaphtoditic mean and what phyla have these organisms

another word for monoecious- male and female reproductive organs

Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Porifera, Cnidaria

what are eyespots and auricles in class tubrbellaria

eyespots- two dark circular strctures that detect light intesity

auricles- triangular projections on the side of the head, used for taste and smell in water

what are the stinging cells called in cnidaria and what are the harpoon shaped structures that are associated with the stinging cells

cnidocytes

Nematocysts

what body cavity do nematoda have, what type of digestive tract do nematoda have

pseudocoelom (false cavity)

complete digestive tract

what is the madreporite and what phyla is it found in

perforated, pressure-equalizing valve that serves as the intake for the water vascular system.

in phylum echinodermata

what are the core characteristics of phylum choradata

a flexible notochord (support rod), a dorsal hollow nerve cord (central nervous system), pharyngeal slits (throat openings), and a post-anal tail (movement appendage)

what phyla are crayfish in

anthropoda

are earthworms and nematodes hermaphroditic

earthworms- yes

nematodes (roundworms)- vary