Chapter 1 Introduction to Nursing and Professional Formation

These flashcards provide vocabulary and foundational concepts regarding the history, roles, and professional formation of nursing based on the lecture material.

Theory of animism

A belief system where good spirits brought health and evil spirits brought sickness and death.

Medicine man

The physician role in early civilizations who treated disease by chanting, inspiring fear, or opening the skull.

Nurse (Early Civilization)

Usually the mother who cared for her family during sickness by providing physical care and herbal remedies.

Ancient Greek civilization

A time when temples became the center of medical care and nurses practiced as nurse-midwives.

Nurse-midwives

Nurses in the ancient Greek civilization who cared for the sick in the home and community.

Deaconesses

Women in the early Christian period who made formal and clearly defined visits to the sick.

Nursing orders

Groups of male and female practitioners founded during the Crusades to care for the sick.

$16th$ century nursing

A period shift from religious orientation to warfare and exploration characterized by a shortage of nurses and poor reputation.

Female criminals

A group recruited to care for the sick in the $16th$ century due to low pay and unfavorable conditions.

Florence Nightingale

Founder of modern nursing who challenged prejudices against women, elevated nursing status, and established the first training school.

Hospital schools

Educational settings organized to provide easily controlled and less expensive staff for hospitals.

World War $II$

An event that broadened the role of nurses through medicine and technology explosions and increased female independence.

Nursing in the $1950s$

A period where nursing education upgraded and a specific body of knowledge and research began to develop.

Evidence-based practice (EBP)

The foundation for the growth of nursing as a professional discipline that operates independent of other disciplines.

Nutrix

The Latin word meaning to nourish, from which the word nursing originated.

ICN (International Council of Nurses)

Organization defining nursing as promotion of health, prevention of illness, advocacy, research, and shaping health policy.

ANA (American Nurses Association)

Organization that defines nursing through a Social policy statement.

Patient

The central focus of all nursing definitions, including physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions.

QSEN Competencies

A set of $6$ standards including Patient-centered care, Teamwork, Quality improvement, Safety, EBP, and Informatics.

Nursing’s Aims

The four goals to promote health, prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with disability or death.

Cognitive skills

A blended competency involving thinking about the nature of things sufficiently to make decisions regarding care.

Technical skills

A blended competency that enables nurses to manipulate equipment to produce a desired outcome.

Interpersonal skills

A blended competency that involves the development of caring relationships.

Ethical/legal skills

A blended competency that enables nurses to conduct themselves morally and professionally.

Communicator

An interrelated role of the nurse involving effective interaction with patients and others.

Teacher

An interrelated role of the nurse focused on providing health education.

Researcher

An interrelated role focused on the conduct and publication of nursing studies.

Advocate

A role fulfilled when a nurse explains a surgical procedure to a patient in order to obtain informed consent.

Collaborator

An interrelated role involving working with other health care providers.

Promoting Health

Identifying and maximizing a patient’s individual strengths to prevent illness and restore health.

Health Literacy

A factor affecting health and a target for improvement ; obtain and understand information needed to make appropriate decision about pt health

Healthy People $2030$

Guidelines aimed at achieving health equity and attaining health literacy to improve well-being for all.

Prevention

Prevent the occurrence of and event or disease before it occurs

Primate prevention

Before it starts

Secondary prevention

Immunization, lab testing, use of condoms, teaching and education

Tertiary prevention

Maintenance of the disease or illness

Preventing Illness

Nurses achieve this primarily by teaching and by personal example to reduce the risk of illness.

Restoring Health

A nursing responsibility focusing on people with illness, ranging from direct care to rehabilitation.

Facilitating Coping

Maximizing a person’s potentials through patient teaching and referral to community support systems like hospice.

Professional Discipline

Characterized by a well-defined body of knowledge, service orientation, and autonomy.

Professional Formation

The responsibility of educators to form the identities and shared values of nursing students.

Professional Identity

A sense of belonging to a group that holds the same values, acquired through successful formation.

Practical and vocational nursing education

Educational preparation for LPN or LVN practice.

Registered nursing education

Preparation through diploma, associate degree (ADN), or baccalaureate (BSN) programs.

In-service education

Instructional programs provided by a health care institution for its employees.

Continuing education

Professional development used to maintain and update nursing knowledge.

Nurse Practice Acts

Laws that define the legal scope of nursing practice and establish criteria for education and licensure.

State board of nursing

An agency created by Nurse Practice Acts to make and enforce rules and regulations.

Nursing Process

A guideline for practice including assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating.

Healthy Nurse (ANA)

A nurse who focuses on a balance of physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, personal, and professional well-being.

Compassion fatigue

A specific sign of fatigue that can occur within the nursing profession.

Resilience

An individual’s aptitude for overcoming an adverse life circumstance with a hopeful attitude.

Aim of nursing

Promote health, prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with disability and disease

Four competencies- used to meet the aim of nursing

Cognitive

Technical

interpersonal

Ethics/Legal

ANA

Social context of nursing; knowledge base for nurse practice, the scope of practice, standard of professional nursing practice, regulation of professional nursing in SOCIAL POLICY STATEMENT

Caregiver

combine the art and science of nursing meeting physical and emotional, intellectual sociocultural spiritual needs of the patient.

Caregiver - Primary role of the nurse

teacher, communicator, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate l, and collaborator to promote wellness through activities to prevent illness, restore health and facilitate coping with disability or death.

Communicator

Effects interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships with patients of all ages in a wide variety of health care setting

Teacher/ educator

Use of communication skills to assess, implement, and evaluate individualized teaching practices plans to meet learning needs of patient and family

Counselor

Therapeutic interpersonal communication skills to provide information, make appropriate referrals and facilitate patient problem solving and decision making skills

Leader

Assertive, self confident practice of nursing when providing care, effecting change, and functioning with groups

Researcher

Conduct research to increase knowledge in nursing and improve patient’s care

Advocate

Protection of patients rights and secure care for all patients based on the belief that patients have the right to make their own decisions for their health and lives

Collaborator

Collaborating with the health care team to organize, communicate, and advocate to facilitate the function of all members.

Central focus is always

Patient; physically , emotionally , socially and spiritually

To meet nursing aim

Uses 4 blended competencies:

Cognitive

Technical

Interpersonal

Ethical/legal

For competencies had been specified by

QSEN

QSEN

patient centered care

Teamwork

Collaboration

Quality improvement

Safety

Evidence base practice and informatics

health

State of optimal functioning and or wellbeing; doesn’t mean without disease

Wellness

Active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle that promotes good physical mental and emotional and spiritual health

Health promotion

Motivated by the desire to increase person well being and health potential

Porting health

Identify, analyze and maximize pt individual strengths by preventing illness, restoring health, and facilitating coping with disabilities or death

Factors afffecting health

Genetic inheritance, cognitive abilities, education level, race and ethnicity; cultural, age and biologic sex, development level, lifestyle, environment, socioeconomic, health literacy

Prevent illness

Promote food health habits and maintain optimal functioning

Nurse prevent illness by

Teaching and and providing personal examples

Nurse teach prevention

Education on prenatal care programs, smoking cessation, stress reduction seminars

Community programs and resources that encourage healthy lifestyle, diet exercise, fitness

Media information on health lifestyle, diet, exercise and importance of good health

Health assessment to identify strengths and rise for disease

Restore health

Range from early detection of disease to rehabilitation and teaching during recovery.

Restore health

Assessment of illnesses( BP and Montior blood sugar)

Refer questions and abnormal finding to provider

Give physical care to patients, administer medication, and perform procedures and treatment

Collaborating with others providers in providing care

Planning, teaching, carrying out rehab for illness

Work in mental health and chemical dependency programs

Coping with disability and death

Teaching refer to community support systems, assist with preparing for death and living comfortably until death

Disability and death

Decrease ability to carry out ADLs

Nurse as profession

body of specific and unique knowledge

String service orientation

Authority by personal group

Code of ethics

Set of standards

Ongoing research

Autonomy and self regulating

Licensure

Legal authority to practice a nursing profession

Standard or nursing practice

Activities that specific and unique to nursing

Standard

Allows nurses to carry out professional roles, serve as protection for nurse, the patient l, and the institution.

Each nurse is accountable for their own quality of practice and responsibility to ensure safe, knowledgeable, and comprehensive nursing care.

Nurse practice Act

Regulate practice of nursing; protect the public ffrom unsafe nursing practices, create state board of nursing, make it enforce rules and regulations, define terms and activities in nursing? And legal requirements and titles, est education and licensure for nurses

Reciprocity

Allows hurts either apple for and be endorsed by another state.

Each state has regulations and boundaries that have to be meet; know other state practice

Nursing process ( includes both art and science of nursing

Assess

Diagnosis

Planning

Implement

Evaluation

Nursing process

Used to identify pt health needs and strengths, est and carry out a care plan to meet needs. And evaluate effectiveness effectiveness of the outcome.

Healthy nurse

Actively focuses on creating and maintaining balance and synergy of physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, personal, and professional well being

Nurse

Just take care of themselves as well

Self care

Is vital

Self care

Energy Source - support, teamwork, balance diet, adequate sleep

Nurturing- respect care compassion empathy

Emotional hygiene- gratitude self-valuing mindfulness work- life balance

Refocusing purpose- meaning refocusing reconnecting regaining passion

Germinating positivity- reframing negative daily gratitude growth mindset show appreciation

Your Uniqueness inner power realistic goals knowing strength acknowledging limitations

Compassion fatigue

Loss of satisfaction from providing good patient care

Burnout

State of frustration with the work environment that develops over time

Secondary traumatic stress

Feeling of despair caused by transfer of emotion distress trio victim to a caregiver

Self care practices

Relaxation techniques, time management, assertiveness, work- life balance, meditation, mindfulness

Mindfulness ( promote healing)

Capacity to intentionally bring awareness and i present moment experience with openness and curiosity

Mindfulness

S stop and take a step back

T take a few deep breaths

Observe yourself

P proceed after you pause

Self care

Sleep well

Eat

Light exercise

Pleasure activities

Be present and learn from mistakes

Joke, pray, meditate, support others