emergency tech exam 2

types of fractures (6)

1. greenstick

2. comminuted

3. impacted

4. oblique

5. spiral

6. transverse

greenstick fracture

incomplete (common in children)

comminuted fracture

fracture site crumbles into multiple pieces

impacted fracture

fracture site compounds on itself

oblique fracture

fracture site is a diagonal line

spiral fracture

caused by rotational injury or torsion force

transverse fracture

fracture site is a horizontal line

types of shock (9)

1. cardiogenic: heart fails to pump blood well

2. distributive: abnormal dilation of blood vessels

3. hypovolemic: fluid lost from system (bleeding or dehydration)

4. psychogenic: psychological cause

5. metabolic: change in body’s biochemical balance

6. hemorrhagic: loss of blood through internal/external bleeding

7. obstructive: blockage of movement of blood

8. anaphylactic: severe allergic reaction

how do you clean a wound?

1. rinse with water and dry

2. cover with gauze and bandage

what are some ways to bandage and dress a wound?

• use antibiotic ointment

• apply absorbent foam or gauze for drainage

• figure 8 wrapping

how do we stop bleeding?

1. apply direct pressure

2. apply a pressure bandage

3. tourniquet

grades of sprains and strains

1st degree: stretching

2nd degree: partial tear

3rd: complete tear

types of splints

1. rigid: wood, aluminum, plastic

2. traction: pulls on bone ends, EMT use only

3. air: pliable sleeves filled with air

4. vacuum: pliable sleeves with beads; remove the air

5. soft: pillow, blanket

6. anatomical: use of a body part

7. sling & swathe: used for shoulder, elbow, ribs

how do we splint?

• check pulse and sensation below site before and after

• immobilize joints above and below injured bone

• splint in position found

types of drugs

how to treat intoxication

how to treat drug overdose?

how to treat addiction

stimulants and depressants

types of wounds/cut