reproductive system

how many people are involved in sexual reproduction

2

how are the offspring compared to the parents in sexual reproduction

genetically diverse

how many parents are involved in asexual reproduction

1

how are the offsprings compared to the parent in asexual reproduction

genetically identical

what is the purpose of the reproduction system

produce offspring

what is the gonads in males

testes

what is the gonads in females

ovaries

what gametes are produced in males

sperm

what gamates are produced in females

ova

what are sex hormones also known as

chemical messengers

what is the primary sex hromone in males

testosterone

what are the primary sex hormones in females

estrogen and progesterone

what is the process called when sperm is produced

spermatogenesis

what are the testes surrounded by

scrotum

what does the scrotum do

regulate temperature

what does the epdidymis do

stores immature sperm

what does the vas deferens do

transports sperm to the urethra

what does the seminal vesicle do

adds sugary fluids to the sperm

why does the seminal vesicles add sugary fluids

to make ATP

what does the prostate gland do

adds alkaline fluid

what does the cowper’s gland do

adds lubricating fluid

what does the urethra do

transports urine or semen

when does sperm become semen

when it contains liquids from all 3 glands

what does the head contain in the sperm

nucleus

what does the midpiecec contain in the sperm

mitochondria

what does the tail do in sperm

helps swim

what is the tail called in sperm

flagells

what is the enzyme called that penetrates the egg

acrosome

what does a vasectomy cut

vas deferens

what does a vasectomy do

cuts the supply of sperm to your semen

what do the ovaries do

produce ova and hormones

what are the two hormones produced in females

estrogen and progesterone

what happens in the follice

immature eggs develop

what does the follicle turn into after the egg is released

corpus luteum

what does the corpus do

secrete progesterone

what does the fallopian egg do

transports eggs

where does the fallopian tube lead to

uterus

where does the sperm fertilize the egg

fallopian tube

what happens in the uterus

fertilized egg implants and develops

what is the uterine lining also known as

endometrium

what happens in the uterus if no fertilization occurs

the lining gets shed

what does the cervix connect

uterus and vagina

what does the vagina serve as

birth canal during childbirth

where is FSH and LH released from

pituitary

what does the FSH and LH stimulate

egg development

when is the peak release for FSH and LH

ovulation

where is estrogen released from

ovary

what does the estrogen stimulate

lining of uterus

what happens when the levels of estrogen decrease

menstruation

what is the small sack inside the ovary where the egg matures called

follicle

what makes progesterone and estrogen

corpus luteum

where are hormones secreted into

bloodstream

what do hormones do

regulate processes

what are most hormones made out of

proteins

what are hormones commonly referred to as

chemical messengers

what is an organ that produces and releases a substance called

gland

what is the main purpose of the endocrine gland

controls hormone secretion

what side is the anterior pituitary on

front

what side is the posterior pituitary on

back

what are the 3 things the thyroid glands help regulate

metabolism, energy, and growth

what is the main hormone that thyoid produces

thyroxine

what do the adrenal glands regulate

adrenaline

what is another name for adrenaline

epinephrine

what are the two hormones that the pancreas produces

insulin and glucagon

what does the pancreas help regulate

blood sugar levels

what do the gonads help produce

sex hormones

what are the three main sex hormones

testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone

what are the two gonads

testes and ovaries

what does growth hormone help regulate

growth

what does prolactin produce

mammary glands

where is the mammary gland

breasts

what does the mammary gland produce

milk

what does insulin do

lowers blood sugar

what does glucagon do

raises blood sugar

what does progesterone produce

lining for uterus

what is it called when there is a specific cell/organ that the hormone effects

target cell/organ

what is the special protein that binds with a certain hormone to produce a response called

receptor proteins

what does negative feedback help with

maintaining homeostasis

what does positive feedback do

amplifies

what does a goiter do

enlarges the thyroid gland

what does “hypo” mean

too low

what does “hyper” mean

too much

what does hypothyroidism do

doesn’t produce enough thyroid hormones

what does hyperthyroidism do

makes too much thyroid hormones

what does diabetes do

not create enough insulin

what happens during fertilization

sperm and egg combine

what does sperm and egg together initially create

zygote

what is a ball of cells during fertilization called

cleavage

what is a a ball of cells with a hollow center called

blastocyst

what is ectoderm

outer body tissues

what is mesoderm

middle tissues

what is endoderm

inner lining

what is the 3 cell layers that gastrulation produces

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

when is the 1st trismester

1-12 weeks

when is the 2nd trimester

13-24 weeks

when is the 3rd trimester

25-40 weeks

what does the placenta do

exchanges materials with the mother and the baby

what does the umbilical cord do

connects the baby to the placenta

what is inside the womb to protect the baby

amniotic fluid

what is genetic screening called

amniocentesis