COASTAL MANAGEMENT

What are examples of hard engineering

Sea walls

Rock Armour

Gabions

Groynes

What are examples of soft engineering

Beach Nourishment

Reprofiling

Dune Regeneration

What are examples of managed retreat

Coastal Realignment

What are sea walls

built along front of cliffs, waves are reflected back on themselves

What are the benefits of sea walls

long life space

What are the disadvantages of sea walls

Very expensive

Affect beach access

Can increase the erosion of beach nourishment

What is rock armour

Boulders that absorbed energy of the waves

What are the disadvantages of rock armour

Unattractive

Dangerous access to beach

What are the benefits of rock armour

Cheap + easy to maintain

Used for fishing

What are gabions

wire cages filled with rocks that provide buffer

What are the benefits of gabions

Cheap to make (£50k per 100m)

Flexible

Eventually merge into landscape

What are the disadvantages of gabions

Short lifespan

Rusts easily

What are groynes

Barriers that stop longshore drift

What the benefits of groynes

relatively cheap (£150k per 200m)

What are the disadvantages of groynes

Some beaches are starved of material

Have to put sand in again and again

What is beach nourishment

Sand added to beach to replace material lost (by erosion and transportation)

What are the benefits of beach nourishment

Natural

Easier to get

Beaches are longer + absorb energy of waves

What are the disadvantages of **beach nourishment**

Oil leakages

Can’t be used on rock beaches

Ruin Habitats

What is reprofiling

leveling out beach/pushing sand to back to absorb energy

What is **dune regeneration**

Marram grass is planted as roots are firm

What are the benefits of **dune regeneration**

Cheap

Natural coastal environment

What are the disadvantages of **dune regeneration**

Time consuming

Damaged by storms

What is **coastal realignment**

letting the beaches go