Parasitic Alimentary Diseases of Dogs and Cats

tapeworms are aka (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

cestodes

define tapeworms (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

Long segmented, flatworms. They have soft bodies and are flattened dorsoventrally

what do tapeworms do (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

attach themselves by suckers to the intestinal wall of the host

what kind of life cycle do they have (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

indirect

they require an —- host (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

intermediate

define somatic migration (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

migrate through the blood or lymph system to reach various body things

how long does it take for larvae to mature (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

1 - 2 months

tapeworm is more common on what small animal (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

cats

what is it (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

Taenia spp.

Which ones are zoonotic (3) (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

1. Taenia spp.

2. Echinococcus spp.

3. Dipylidium caninum

what is it (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

Dipylidium caninum

what is the intermediate host for Dipylidium caninum (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

fleas

Echinococcus spp. is aka (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

alveolar hydatid disease

define Hydatid Disease (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

cysts develop in internal organs.

what is the intermediate host for cysts develop in internal organs. (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

humans

define scolex (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

head of the worm

define gravids (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

proglottids containing eggs

clinical signs (3) (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

1. dry hair coat

2. poor body condition

3. May vomit up worms

how to diagnose tapeworm (4) (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

1. Segments on pets fur or perineal area

2. Gross examination of feces (see proglottids in feces)

3. Fecal analysis (eggs - small)

4. Necropsy (see worms in the small intestine)

treatment for tapeworm (6) (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

1. Praziquantel

2. Imidacloprid

3. Milbemyacin and Praziquantel

4. Epsiprantel

5. Praziquantel and Pyrantel

6. Nitroscanate

Praziquantel aka (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

Profender

Praziquantel is for what animal (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

cat

Imidacloprid is aka (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

Advantage II and Plus

Milbemyacin / Praziquantel is aka (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

Interceptor Plus

Praziquantel is aka (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

Droncit

Praziquantel is for what small animal (2) (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

1. dogs

2. cats

Epsiprantel is aka (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

Cestex

Praziquantel and Pyrantel is aka (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

drontal

Nitroscanate is aka (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

Lopatol

Epsiprantel is for what small animal (2) (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

1. dogs

2. cats

Praziquantel and Pyrantel is for what small animal (2) (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

1. dogs

2. cats

Nitroscanate is for what small animal (2) (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

dogs and cats

how to prevent tapeworms (2) (Tapeworms/Cestodes)

1. Prevent eating of Intermediate Host (fleas - treat cat/dog, mice)

2. Regular dewormings / fecal checks

what is it (???)

hookworm

what measurement is Ancylostoma spp. (Hookworms)

1. 55-60 um

2. 34-40 um

true or false Ancylostoma spp. is zoonotic (Hookworms)

true

what zoonotic effect happens from Ancylostoma spp. (Hookworms)

cutaneous larval migrans/creeping eruption

Uncinaria sp. prefers what regions (Hookworms)

cooler regions

what is the measurements for Uncinaria sp. (Hookworms)

1. 70 - 75 um

2. 40 - 50 um

clinical signs of hookworm (4) (Hookworms)

1. causes black, tarry stool

2. anemia

3. Ulceration and bleeding occurs whenever they change feeding sites.

4. mouth shape

what is the mouth shape of Ancylostoma spp (2) (Hookworms)

curved mouth and strait trumpet shape

what is the mouth shape of Uncinaria sp (2) (Hookworms)

hooked nose and narrow head

how to diagnose (Hookworms)

fecal floatation

treatment for hookworm (6) (Hookworms)

1. Pyrantel pamoate

2. Selamectin

3. Imidacloprid

4. Milbemycin

5. Nitroscanate

6. Lotilaner

Pyrantel pamoate is aka (Hookworms)

drontal

Selamectin/Imidacloprid is aka (2) (Hookworms)

Revolution and Advantage

milbemycin is aka (2) (Hookworms)

Milbemax & Interceptor Plus

Nitroscanate is aka (Hookworms)

Lopatol

Lotilaner is aka (Hookworms)

Credelio plus

how to prevent hookworm (3) (Hookworms)

1. Clean up feces on a daily basis

2. Clean hands after with soap / water

3. Don’t walk around in bare feet

define genus (intro)

group or subfamily

define species (2) (intro)

kind or below a genus

define sp. (intro)

one kind of species under that genus

define spp (intro)

multiple kinds of species under that genus

define helminths (intro)

parasitic worms

define platyhelminthes (intro)

flatworms

what species are under helminths (intro)

platyhelminthes

what 2 species are under playhelminths (intro)

1. cestodes

2. trematodes

what are under nematodes (intro)

1. roundworms

2. hookworms

define protozoa (intro)

single cell parasites

what species are under protozoa (2) (intro)

1. Flagellates

2. Apicomplexans

what is under flagellates (2) (intro)

1. fiardia

2. trichomonas

what species is under apicomplexans (5) (intro)

1. Eimeria

2. Cystoisospora

3. Cryptosporidium

4. Coccidia

5. Toxoplasma

define definitive host (intro)

The host in which a parasite reaches maturity and reproduces sexually.

define intermediate host (intro)

The host that supports the immature or non-reproductive forms of a parasite

define Paratenic host (intro)

An intermediate host that is required for the completion of a parasite's life cycle, but there is no development of the parasite.

define reservior host (intro)

Can harbour a pathogen indefinitely with no bad effects to the host.

define direct life cycle (intro)

Definitive Host → Environment → Definitive Host

define indirect life cycle (intro)

Definitive Host → Environment → Intermediate Host → Definitive Host

define pre-patent period (intro)

The length of time it takes for a parasite to develop to an adult once it infects the definitive host

what are the 3 migration patterns (intro)

1. mucosal

2. tracheal

3. somatic

define mucosal migration pattern (intro)

stays in tissue

define tracheal migration pattern (intro)

pulmonary vein into lungs

define somatic migration pattern (2) (intro)

1. pulmonary vein into lungs

2. encysts in tissues

true or false toxoplasmosis is zoonotic (Toxoplasmosis)

true

clinical signs (7) (Toxoplasmosis)

1. pneumonitis

2. encephalomyelitis

3. gastroenteritis

4. uveitis

5. hepatitis

6. Nervous system disease

7. Myositis

how to diagnose (3) (Toxoplasmosis)

1. fecal float

2. serology

3. tissue biopsy

how to treat (Toxoplasmosis)

clindamycin

how to prevent (4) (Toxoplasmosis)

1. Sanitation

2. Prompt removal of feces from litter box

3. Pregnant women should be careful when handling cats feces

4. dewormers

animals may shed oocysts for (range) (Coccidia)

2 - 4 weeks

what is the usual prepatent period (range) (Coccidia)

7-14 days

clinical signs (4) (Coccidia)

1. diarrhea

2. Dehydration

3. stress

4. immunosuppression

why wouldn’t you treat it (Coccidia)

once there are symptoms nothing can be done

what can be used if treated (Coccidia)

a sulfa drug

how to prevent (2) (Coccidia)

1. Good sanitation

2. Clean up feces

what species is giardia use as hosts (Giardia)

mammals

true or false its zoonotic (Giardia)

true

what are the 2 forms (Giardia)

1. active, motile trophozoite

2. resistant cyst

traits of resistant cyst (4) (Giardia)

1. responsible for transmission.

2. non-motile

3. infective

4. can exist in the environment for months.

traits of active, motile trophozoite (5) (Giardia)

1. pear-shaped

2. has two nuclei

3. four flagella.

4. Trophozoites live and multiply in the GI tract of the host and cannot survive in the environment.

5. This form is their active feeding stage.

what kind of life cycle do they have (Giardia)

direct

how long is the prepatent period (range) (Giardia)

5 - 10 days

clinical signs (4) (Giardia)

1. soft, and cow-pie

2. diarrhea

3. food allergy

4. maldigestion/malabsorption.

how to diagnose (3) (Giardia)

1. Rarely seen in regular fecal flotation

2. ELISA test kit

3. Zinc sulphate floatation or iodine direct smear

treatment options (3) (Giardia)

1. Metronidazole

2. Albendazole

3. Fenbendazole

what is fenbendazole aka (Giardia)

panacur

how to prevent (2) (Giardia)

1. Clean and disinfect environment

2. bathe dog

why is re-infection is common (2) (Giardia)

fecal-oral contamination and self-infection is hard to stop

what dog breeds are more predisposed to it (2) (Giardia)

Shar-peis and some German Shepherds

what deficiency causes some dog breeds more prone to infection (Giardia)

IgA deficiency