3B

Customs Farmers

Merchants who were granted the right to collect and keep customs duties in return for an annual rent paid to the Crown, creating a new indirect tax system and leading to unease in Parliament due to the erosion of its control over taxation.

Book of Bounty

Issued in 1608 by Sir Robert Cecil, it aimed to curb James I's extravagant spending by prohibiting the Crown from giving away major items like lands, customs, and pensions as gifts to favorites, although James resorted to gifting cash instead.

Book of Rates

Introduced in 1608, it allowed the Crown to impose import duties (impositions) on around 1,400 items, increasing revenue by £70,000 per year, but faced opposition as it extended the royal prerogative and threatened Parliament's authority over taxation.

The Great Contract

Proposed in 1610 by Salisbury, it aimed to cover the Crown's debts by granting an annual subsidy in exchange for James giving up feudal rights, but failed due to suspicions on both sides about the deal's benefits and implications.

Cockayne’s Scheme

Introduced in 1614 by William Cockayne to increase customs revenue by prohibiting the export of unfinished cloth, it backfired leading to a decrease in customs revenue due to the Dutch finding alternative sources and unemployment soaring in England.

Cranfield’s Reforms

Implemented by Lionel Cranfield in 1618-24 to reduce royal expenses and increase income by controlling royal household expenses, ordnance, and the navy, but faced challenges due to the King's inability to resist courtiers' demands and the influence of Buckingham.

Forced Loan

Introduced in 1626 by Charles I, it was a form of parliamentary taxation levied on all taxpayers without Parliament's agreement, causing significant opposition and raising concerns about the King's ability to raise funds without parliamentary consent.

Forced Loan

A tax imposed by King Charles I without the consent of Parliament, leading to the imprisonment of individuals who refused to pay.

Habeas Corpus

The legal right for individuals to be brought before a court to determine if their detention is lawful.

Five Knights’ Case

Refers to the challenge in 1627 by five members of the Political Nation for Habeas Corpus, highlighting a serious challenge to the King's authority in the courts.

Petition of Right

A document drawn up by Parliament in 1628 to safeguard the privileges of MPs at the expense of some aspects of the royal prerogative, which King Charles I agreed to in exchange for funds.