Biology Module 5 (Animals)

700 Million

When do we the first signs of Animals

Ediacaran Biota

First Animal Fossil

Cambrian Explosion

Time in the earth when there was rapid evolution

Predator-prey relationship, increase oxygen levels, changes in regulation of development(hox genes)

Some reasons for the cambrian explosion

Multicellularity

What are some derived traits of animal clade

Metazoa

What is the animal monophyletic clade called

Asymmetry, Radial, Bilateral

What are the 3 types of symmetry

Asymmetry

Type of symmetry with no central axis where an animal’s body can be divided into mirror halves

Radial

Type of symmetry where body is wheel-like and has multiple axis where the body can be divided into mirror images

Bilateral

Type of symmetry with usually elongated body and has one axis where body can be divided into two mirror halves. Wherewe see cephalization.

Cephalization

The process where the anterior part of an animal has concentrations of nervous tissue

Prorifera(sponges)

Animals that have Asymmetry

Cnidarians(Jells), Ctenophora(Hydra)

Some Animals that have Radial symmtery

Chordata, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes

Animals with Bilateral symmetry

Echinoderm (starfish)

Which animal in the bileteria derived pentaradial symmetry in his adult stage

Germ Layer

Groups of tissue in the embryo of animals

Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm

Three Germ Layers

Ectoderm

Tissues that forms body covering on the outside of animals

Endoderm

Tissues that forms digestive tract on the inside

Mesoderm

Tissues that lines the body cavity and organs in between the ectoderm and endoderm

Bag/Incomplete system, Tube in a tube/complete system

The two digestive system?

Incomplete system

type of digestive system with one opening serves as the entry and exit point.

Complete digestive system

Type of digestive system with two opening at the opposite ends serving as seperate entry and exit points. also known as tube within a tube.

Diplobasts

Animals that have 2 germ layers and no mesoderm

Triploblasts

Animals that have all three germ layers including the mesoderm

skin, nervous system, eyes

What does ectoderm do in humans?

digestive system, respiratory system

what does endoderm do in humans?

bones, muscles, circulatory, reproductive system

what does mesoderm do in humans?

Prorifera(sponges)

What are the phylums with no tissues?

Cnidaria, ctenophora

What are the phylums with diploblasts?

Bilateria

What are the phylums with triploblasts?

Acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate

3 Body cavities / coelom in Triploblasts?

No body cavity

Acoelomate

Body cavity that is not completely lined with mesoderm

what is Pseudocoelomate?

Entire body cavity and digestive is lined with mesoderm

what is coelomate?

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

All taxonomy classifications

Prorifera

What phylum have specialized cells but not tissues?

Choanocytes, Amoebocyte, Spicules

3 complex cless of prorifera?

Cnidaria

What phylum has radial symmetry, 2 germ layers, and is known for having a mesoglea and stinging cells?

Jellyfish, anemones, corals

Name some animals in the cnidaria kingdom

Mesoglea

Noncellular hydrostatic skeleton made up of pressurized water in between the ectoderm and endoderm of cnidaria ?

Cnidocytes

What are stinging cells containing nematocysts?

Epidermis

Ectoderm in Cnidaria?

Gastrodermis

Endoderm in cnidaria?

Coral Bleaching

The process where zooxanthellates leave the coral animal due to rising sea levels, warming of the ocean, and pollution?

Platyhelminthes

Phylum that has bilateral symmetry, triploblastic an Acoelomate?

Parasitic have reduced organ systems

Difference between free-living and parasitic platyhelminthes?

Flatworms, Tapeworms, Planaria

What are some animals in the Platyhelminthes phylum?

Proglottid

Segment of tapeworms that cotain both male and female reproductive organs

Nematoda

Phylum with bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, pseudocoelomate known for ecdysozoans and having no circulatory or respiratory system

Process of shedding exoskeleton

What is Ecdysis(molting)

Annelida

Phylum with bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, coelomate, known for degmented body and no respiratory system.

Septa

What re the segmented body in Annelida called?

Metamerism

When body segments divided by septa but share the same sets of organs

Deuterostomia

Parazoa

Lophotrochozoa

Ecdysozoa

Gastrulation

Cleavage

Metamorphosis

Differentiation

Senescense

Protosome

Deuterostome

Amniotes

Agnathostome

Gnathostome

Sclerotin, Chitin

What are arthropod exoskeleton made out of?

Medusa, Polyp, Planula

Three Cnidarian forms