World History 7 Final Review

A comprehensive vocabulary review of World History 7 covering Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China, Greece, Rome, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and major political and industrial revolutions through World War II.

History

The written and other recorded events of people.

Archeologists

Scientists who examine objects to learn about past peoples and cultures.

Oral traditions

Stories passed down by word of mouth.

geography

The study of earths surface and the processes that shape it.

irrigation

Supplying land with water from another place using a network of canals.

Mesopotamia

Comes from Greek words meaning "between the rivers."

tigris and Eupraties Rivers

The two rivers between which Mesopotamia lies.

Fertile Crescent

The site of the world's first civilization.

City State

A city that is also a separate, independent state.

Ziggurats

Temples made of terraces.

polytheism

A belief in many gods.

Myths

Stories about gods that explain people's belief.

Surplus

More than what is needed.

Artisan

A worker who is especially Skilled in crafting items by hand.

Civilization

A society with cities, a central gov run by offical leaders, and workers who specialize in certain jobs.

Social class

A group of people having similar backgrounds, Incomes, and ways of living.

Ur

A Sumarian city-state.

King Sargon II

A powerful Mesopotamian king of Assyria.

Empire

An area of many territories and peoples that is controlled by one government.

Caravans

Groups of travelers.

Bazaars

Markets.

Nebuchadnezzar II

The king of Babylon.

Hammurabi's code

A set of laws that had $282$ specific rules.

Cuniform

Writing symbols used to make groups of wedges and lines.

Phoenicians

A group known for trades, purple dye, sailing, and their alphabet.

Tyre

A major city in the region called phoenicia.

Alphabet

A $22$-symbol system where a set of symbols represents the sounds of the language.

monotheism

The belief in one God.

famine

A time when there is so little food that many people starve.

Cataracts

Six rock-filled rapids found in the Nile.

Nile river

The world's largest river.

Delta

A plain at the mouth of a river.

Silt

Fine soil found on river bottoms.

absolute power

Complete control over people.

Pharoh

The title used by the kings of Egypt.

Menes

The figure who unified Egypt's upper and lower Egypt.

Egyptian Kingdoms

Divided into three eras: the Old Kingdom, middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom.

Hatsheput

A female Egyptian pharaoh.

Amon

The chief Egyptian god.

Mummy

The preserved body of a dead person.

Pyramids

Huge buildings with $four$ sloping triangle-shaped sides.

hyroglyfics

Picture-like symbols used by the Egyptians to write.

papyrus

An early form of paper made from a reed found in the marshy areas of the Nile delta.

roseta stone

A stone used to break the meaning of hyroglythics.

Monsoons

Strong winds that blow across the region at certain times of the year.

Subcontinent

A large landmass that juts out from a continent.

Brahman

A single spiritual power which lives in everything.

avatar

The representation of a Hindu god or goddess in human or animal form.

Hinduism

A major religion that has no known founder.

Reincarnation

The rebirth of a soul.

Siddhartha Gautama

The founder of Buddismn.

Buddhism

A religion that follows the eightfold Path.

Nirvana

A state meaning lasting peace.

Loess

The yellow-brown soil found in the Huang River or Yellow River.

Confucious

A Chinese teacher and philosopher.

Philosophy

A system of beliefs and values.

Shi-Huangdi

China's first emperor who built the terre-Cotta warriors in his tomb.

currency

A type of money.

Qin dynasty

The dynasty from which the name "China" comes.

Great Wall of China

An architectural feat that is about $1500\,miles$ long.

Silkroad

An ancient trade route between China and Europe.

Peninsula

An area of land surrounded by water on three sides.

epic

Long story-telling poems.

The illiad

A poem about the Trojan War and the Greek gods written by Homer.

acropolis

A term meaning "high city."

tyrant

A ruler who seized power by force.

Aristocrats

Members of rich and powerful families.

democracy

A system where citizens govern themselves.

Drama

A Greek creation consisting of Comedy and tradigty.

tribute

Payments made to Athens by its allies which added to its wealth.

Immortal

To live forever.

Oracles

Sacred sites where it was believed the Greek gods spoke.

Socrates

A philosopher whose important lesson was "Know thyself."

Three philosophers

The major Greek thinkers: Soerotes, Platon cries, and aristole.

agoras

Public markets.

Vendors

Sellers of goods.

Slaven

The condition of being owned by someone else.

Sparta

A city-state in southern Greece.

Battle of marathon

A victory where a soldier ran $26\,miles$ to report the outcome.

peloponesian War

A conflict between Athens and Sparta which lasted $27\,year$.

Blockade

An action taken to isolate the enemy and cut off its supplies.

Barburians

Wild or uncivilized people.

alexander the great

The leader of the Greek empire.

Assassination

To be murdered for political reasons.

hellenistic

A term that describes Greek history and culture.

republic

A system where citizens who have the right to vote select their leaders.

patrician

A member of a wealthy Roman family.

plebians

The ordinary citizens of Rome.

Veto

The rejection of any planned action by a person in power.

Julius ceaser

The last dictator of the Roman Republic who was killed on March of $44\,bc$.

augustus

The $1st$ emperor of the Roman Empire.

Arch

A curved structure used as a support over an open space.

Colosseum

The site of contests and combats between people and animals.

Aqueducts

Structures that carried Water over long distances.

gladiator

People who fought to the death.

Constaine

Rome's emperor who strongly encouraged the spread of Christianity.

Justinian Code

An organized collection and explanation of Roman laws for the Byzantine Empire.

mecca

A busy trading center in Islamic history.

muhammud

The founder of Islam.

mosque

An Islam house of worship.