Chapter 16: Goal Setting

EXSS 181

What are the 4 ways (according to the direct mechanistic view) that goals influence performance?

1. goals direct attention to important elements of the skill being performed

2. goals mobilize performer effects

3. goals prolong performer persistence

4. goals faster the development of new learning strategies

What are the principles of goal setting

Set specific goals

Set moderately difficult but realistic goals

set both short & long-term goals

set performance, process & outcome goals

set mastery-approach vs performance-avoidance goals

set practice & competition goals

record goals

development goal achievement strategies

consider personalities/motivations/learning status

foster an individual’s goal commitment

provide goal support

provide evaluation of & feedback about goals

What are the steps to effectively set & achieve group goals?

1. establish long-term goals first

2. establish clear paths of short-term goals en route to long-term goals

3. involve all members of the team in establishing team goals

4. monitor progress

5. reward progress

6. foster collective team confidence/efficacy concerning team goals

What are the 3 steps in designing a goal-setting system?

1. preparation & planning

2. education & acquisition

3. implementation & goal follow-up/evaluation

What are some common problems in goal setting?

Convincing students/athletes/exercisers to set goals

failing to set specific goals

setting too many goals too soon

failing to adjust goals when they’re not being achieved

failing to set performance & process goals

not initiating goal-setting evaluation & follow-up procedures

failing to recognize problems that can be associated w/ goal setting

Why do we set goals?

Motivates athletes to perform better

reduces anxiety

improves performance

influences self-confidence & self-worth

What are the top 3 goals for athletes?

1. improving performance

2. winning

3. enjoyment

SMART goals

Specific

Measurable

Achievable

Realistic/Reward

Timely

Self-determined