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Ascender

an upward vertical stroke that extends beyond the x-height

Aperture

Partially enclosed space of a letterform

Baseline

The invisible line on which all letters rest

Cap height

The distance from the baseline to the top of the capital letter

Counter

the white space enclosed by a letterform

Descender

a downward vertical stroke that extends beyond the baseline

Ligature

two or more lettrs tied into a single character

Tittle

the dot on the 'i' and 'j'

x-height

the distance between the baseline and the height of the lowercase 'x'

Weight

the thickness of a font's stroke

leading

the vertical spacing between lines of text and is measured from baseline to baseline

tracking

adjusts the spacing between letters evenly across the whole word

Kerning

adjusting the space between individual characters within a word. This is mostly used for singular words in a logo or heading that is going to be used at a large scale.

Crossbar

a bar that crosses between two other strokes, like in the capital A and H, and the small e

Ear

the small stroke that extends outwards from a lowercase g in some typeface styles

leg

the lower, down sloping stroke of the K and k. The same stroke on R as well as the tail of a Q is sometimes also called this

Leading / linespacing

Increasing the vertical space between lines of metal type by literal inserting lead strips. Now, it means the vertical space between lines of text, from baseline

Foundry

Type manufacturer. Name originates in the days of metal type then type was made from molten lead.

Glyph

Every character in a typeface, (e.g: G, $, ?, and 7), is represented by a glyph. One single type design may contain more than one glyph for each character. These are usually referred to as alternates.

Italic

slanted type style which takes its basic shapes from a stylized form of handwriting, and is usually narrower than its roman counterpart. Commonly used for emphasis.