CH2 Reptile Anatomy

What group of reptiles has the most primitive condition?

Crocodilians

What groups of reptiles have the most derived anatomy?

Turtles, snakes, and lizards

What group is simultaneously derived but also primitive?

Turtles

What are the two layers of reptile skin?

The epidermis and dermis

Tubercles and claws are special modifications to?

Skin

Reptile scales are made of?

Epidermal skin/keratin

Is reptile skin glandular?

No, it is aglandular.

Ecdysis means?

Molting

Describe over time molting:

Molting in large patches

Describe synchronous molting:

Molting in one single piece

What is the inner generation layer?

The newest layer of skin that does not shed

What is the outer generation layer?

The older layer of skin that is shed

What is the Oberhautchen?

The divide between the outer generation that is shed and the inner generation that is kept

Specialized skin pigment cells that give reptiles color are known as?

Dermal mosaic chromatophores

Melanin containing pigments that change color to provide camouflage are known as?

Melanophores

Specialized cells that give reptiles bright colors are known as?

Xanthophores

Specialized cells that contain crystals that produce iridescence are known as?

Iridophores

Are reptile skulls deep or shallow?

Deep

What are the two openings on the skull of reptiles?

-External choana

-Orbit

The original reptile skull condition with two openings is known as?

Anapsid

The reptile skull condition with an extra opening on the temple is known as?

Synapsid

The reptile skull condition with two extra openings in the temple region is known as?

Diapsid

The reptile skull condition with an extra opening at the top of the skull is known as?

Euryapsid

Modern reptiles have what type of skull condition?

Modified diapsid

What is the progression of reptile skull types?

Anapsid>Diapsid>Modified diapsid

This tooth placement is the most primitive tooth condition?

Acrodont

In what tooth placement do teeth attach to the summit of the jawbone with no socket and replacement teeth on the inside of the jaw?

Acrodont

In what tooth placement do teeth attach in sockets with roots and replacement teeth come from within the jaw?

Thecodont

In what tooth placement do teeth attach to the inner side of the jaw?

Pleurodont

What is the name of the eye cover used by crocodiles underwater?

The nictitating membrane

What are the two measurements taken on lizards and crocodiles?

SNL

TL

The bony layer under the scutes on the top side of a turtle is known as the?

Carapace

The bony layer on the under side of a turtle is known as the?

Plastron

What are three defining features of a turtles skull?

-Supraoccipital crest

-No teeth

-Beak

What are 4 defining features of a crocodiles skeleton?

-Cervical vertebrae

-Cervical ribs

-Gastralia

-5/4 toes

What are osteoderms?

The bony elements under scutes

Lizards have well developed?

Limbs

What is a dewlap?

A flexible skin protrusion on a lizards neck used for defense

What are the two localized glands on a lizard?

-Femoral

-Cloacal

What is the purpose of lamellae on lizards?

They allow lizards to stick to surfaces

What is a gular patch?

A non-controllable patch of loose skin on a lizard’s neck.

Venomous snakes often have rougher scales that are?

Keeled

Snakes have a highly modified skull with high levels of?

Cranial kinesis

Are glands found in male or female lizards?

Male

How many chambers do most reptile hearts have?

3

How many chambers do crocodile hearts have?

4

What type of egg do reptiles have?

Amniotic