Biology Keystone: Cell Reproduction

Mitosis and Meiosis

What is the other name for body cells?

Somatic cells

What do body cells do?

Help glow, and fill damaged and dead cells with new cells

What is the cell cycle made up of?

Interphase and Mitosis

What are the 3 parts of interphase?

G1, Synthesis, G2

What is the G1 phase?

The growth phase

What is the S phase?

Synthesis- DNA copies (92 chromosomes)

What is the G2 phase?

Gap- continue growth and check DNA for mutations

What are the 5 phases of mitosis?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokensis

What happens in prophase of mitosis?

Centrioles form, nucleus dissolves, DNA condenses

What does DNA look like in interphase?

Like spaghetti and is know as Chromatin

What happens in metaphase of mitosis?

The centrioles move to opposite sides of the cells, spindle fibers form connecting the spindle fibers and chromosomes, and the chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell

What happens in Anaphase of mitosis?

Centrioles pull in the spindle fibers, causing the chromosomes to be split apart to opposite sides of the cell in chromatids

What happens in telophase of mitosis?

Nucleus reforms, the cells are close to separating, and each one has one chromatid from each original chormosome, spindle fibers break down

What happens in cytokinesis of mitosis?

The cells spilt and the cytoplasm slipts, resulting in two seperate, diploid, identical cells

What is mitosis?

Where the cell actually reproduces and makes 2 new district, identical diploid cells

Where do you get the chromosomes in your cells?

One from your mom and one from your dad

What is chromatin?

Uncondensed DNA

What do the cells in G1 phase stop growing?

When they are fully developed

How many chromosomes do you have?

46 chromsomes

How many chromosome pairs do you have?

23 pairs

What is haploid?

Only one of each chromosome

What is diploid?

Two of each chromosomes

What is the goal of meiosis?

To produce sex cells (gametes)

What are the two gametes?

Sperm and Egg

What are the 9 phases of meiosis?

Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1, Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2, Cytokinesis

What happens in Prophase 1 of meiosis?

The chromosomes cross over and interchange their traits, creating tetrads, centrioles form, and the nucleus dissolves

Why do terads form in prophase 1 of meiosis?

So that each chromosome has parts from both the mom and the dad

What is the goal of prophase 1 in meiosis?

To increase genetic variation in the next generation

What happens in metaphase 1 of meiosis?

Tetrads form and line up along the equator of the cell, and spindle fibers form and attach the tetrads to the centrioles

What happens in anaphase 1 of meisois?

Centrioles pull the spindle fibers to pull the tetrads apart, randomly having the chromosomes on opposite sides of the cells

What is the difference between anaphase in mitosis and anaphase 1 in meisos?

In anaphase in mitosis the chromosomes separate, giving you chromatids on opposite sides, but in anaphase 1 of meiosis the tetrads separate, giving you chromosomes on opposite sides

What is the difference between prophase in mitosis and prophase 1 in meiosis?

In prophase 1 of meiosis the chromosomes cross over each other, creating tetrads, but in prophase of mitosis this doesn’t happen

What is the difference between metaphase in mitosis and metaphase 1 in meiosis?

In metaphase of mitosis the chromosomes lie up along the equator, but in metaphase 1 of meiosis the tetrads line up

What happens in telophase 1 of meiosis?

The cell spilts and the cytoplasm, leaving you with two genetically different cells, that are haploid

What is the difference between telophase 1 of meiosis and telophase in mitosis?

In meiosis you are left with two haploid, genetically different cells, and in mitosis you are left with 2 diploid, genetially identical cells