Introduction to Hemorrhagic Disorders and Lab Assessments

A set of flashcards detailing key terms and definitions concerning hemorrhagic disorders, their classifications, symptoms, and laboratory assessments.

Petechiae

Purplish-red pinpoint hemorrhagic spots caused by loss of capillary ability to withstand normal blood pressure or trauma.

Purpura

Hemorrhage of blood into small vessels of the skin, mucous membranes, and other tissues; generally round purple spots or patches.

Ecchymosis/Bruise

A form of purpura in which blood escapes into large areas of the skin and mucous membranes, usually irregular in shape.

Hematoma

Swelling of tissue that contains clotted blood, caused by leakage of a large amount of blood around a puncture site.

Epistaxis

Recurrent nosebleeds that may last longer than 10 minutes or require physical intervention.

Hematemesis

Vomiting of blood.

Hemarthrosis

Leakage of blood into joint cavities.

Hematuria

Presence of red blood cells in urine.

Hemoglobinuria

Presence of hemoglobin in urine.

Melena

Stool containing dark red or black blood, usually indicating bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract.

Menorrhagia

Excessive menstrual bleeding.

Hemorrhage

Excessive bleeding that requires medical or physical intervention.

Localized hemorrhage

Bleeding from a single location, usually indicating injury, infection, or tumor.

Generalized hemorrhage

Bleeding from multiple sites, often requiring physical intervention.

Mucocutaneous hemorrhage

Bleeding in skin or body orifices, often associated with thrombocytopenia or vascular disorders.

Anatomic hemorrhage

Internal bleeding, associated with specific areas such as joints, muscles, or organs.

Coagulopathy

Any single or multiple coagulation factor or platelet deficiency.

Acquired von Willebrand Disease

Condition characterized by decreased von Willebrand factor production, leading to mucocutaneous bleeding.

Vitamin K deficiency

Condition requiring vitamin K for the function of vitamin K-dependent factors, leading to excessive bleeding.

Chronic renal failure and hemorrhage

Chronic renal failure is often associated with platelet dysfunction and mucocutaneous bleeding.

Dysfibrinogenemia

Condition where fibrinogen is poorly functioning, often associated with liver disease.

Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC)

Coagulopathy triggered by physical trauma, leading to excessive bleeding.