Marine Bio - Marine Life

Plankton

Tiny algae and animals that float in water and are carried by waves and currents.

What layer of the ocean does plankton dominate

Well-lit layers, Photic and Pelagic zones

Phytoplankton

"plant-like" plankton such as algae that make food by photosynthesis

Zooplankton

microscopic animals that swim or drift near the surface of aquatic environments

How are the types of plankton classified

mainly by their trophic role (how they obtain energy), lifespan (if they stay plankton forever), and size.

What is the photosynthesis equation?

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Carbon dioxide + water + light energy -> glucose and water

Density

How tightly packed the molecules are

neutral buoyancy

Equal tendency to float as it does sink

The weight of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object

What is this part of the seaweed?

Blades

What is this part of the seaweed?

Float

What is this part of the seaweed?

Stipe

What is this part of the seaweed?

Holdfast

What are the types of algae?

Brown, Red and green

Timeline of early life

1. Precambrian Era - First microscopic organisms

2. Cambrian Era - Simple invertebrate (trilobites, mollusks)

3. Ordovician Era - First vertebrates appear (fish) approx. 450 mya

4. Silurian Era - The fish evolved and multiplied and certain algae adapated to living on dry land (first plants)

Evidence of evolution

Fossilisation, Biogeography (Pangea and the distribution of plant species), Embryos, Structural Morphology (skeleton similarites and uses)

invertebrates

Animal with no backbone

Structure & function in marine invertebrates

Structure = body part (what it is); Function = job (what it does). Structure determines function.
Examples: exoskeleton → protection, tentacles → feeding/defence, tube feet → movement, pores → filtering, muscular foot → movement, gills → gas exchange.

Difference between vertebrate & invertebrate organisms

Vertebrate organisms = have a backbone

Invertebrate organisms = no backbone

What is this part on the fish?

Gill Cover/Gills

What is this part on the fish?

Lateral Line

What is this part on the fish?

Dorsal Fin

What is this part on the fish?

Caudal Fin

What is this part on the fish?

Anal Fin

What is this part on the fish?

Pelvic Fins

What is this part on the fish?

Keel

What is this part on the fish?

Pectoral Fins

What is this part on the fish?

Lateral Line

What is this part on the fish?

Kidney

What is this part on the fish?

Muscle

What is this part on the fish?

Spinal cord/Spine

What is this part on the fish?

Intestines

What is this part on the fish?

Stomach

What is this part on the fish?

Liver

What is this part on the fish?

Gills