Anesthesia Lab practical

normal SpO2

95-100%

Normal ETCO2

35-45 mmHg

Cat normal HR

100-180BPM

Dog normal HR

60-160BPM

Normal resp rate

8-20RPM

Normal systolic BP

80-160mmHg

Normal MAP

60-90mmHg

when do u you report MAP to DVM

when below 60mmHg

Normal Diastolic BP

40-70mmHg

Normal Temp

> or equal to 98 F

when do we use this red breathing hose

20-35lbs

when do we use this green breathing hose

35-45lbs

when we use this blue breathing hose

greater than 45lbs

bag sizes with weight from smallest to largest

500mL=>3kg (6.6lbs)

1L=4-7kg (8.8-15.4lbs)

2L=8-15kg (17.6-33lbs)

3 L – 16 – 50 kg (35.2lb – 110lb)

5 L – 51 – 150 kg (112.2lb – 330lb)

30 L – large animals over 150 kg (+330lb)

when do we use a rebreathing system

when animal is greater than 20lbs

how often do you replace the soda lime

6-8 hours

peak inlahation should read ____ mmHg

0mmHg

what should non-rebreathing bag look like

flat

what should rebreathing bag look like

¾ full

what do you do if non-rebreathing bag looks like this

Either open pop-off valve or turn vaporizer off, disconnect from patient, and problem solve the issue until resolved

is this normal for rebreathing bag

no its flat, must increase oxygen so patient can breath

is this normal for rebreathing bag

no not inflated enough

is this normal for rebreathing bag

yes

what is the path of the rebreathing system

#1 Inspiratory Unidirectional valve

#2 Inspiratory breathing hose connection

#3 Expiratory breathing hose connection

#4 Expiratory Unidirectional valve - Patient

#5 Soda Lime Canister

#6 Rebreathing bag connection

#7 Pop off valve (Scavenger outlet)

#8 Negative Pressure Relief Valve

#9 Manometer – also part of the Rebreathing System

what is this

soda lime

what is this

manometer

what is 1, 2 and 8

1=Inspiratory Unidirectional valve

2=Inspiratory breathing hose connection

8=Negative pressure relief valve

what is 6

rebreathing bag connection

what is 3, 4, 7

 3=Expiratory breathing hose connection

4=Expiratory Unidirectional valve - Patient

7=Pop off valve (scavenger outlet)

what is this

capnograph

what side of rebreathing hose connects to what

clear side:Expiratory breathing hose connection

colored side: Inspiratory breathing hose connection

what is skinny end and what it thicker end

fresh gas and outlet hose connection, connect to endotracheal tube

What connects to the black tubing

outlet valve hose

right to left arrows

reservoir bag, pop off valve, scavenger hose connection, outlet hose connection, connect to endotracheal tube

4 basic systems for every gas anesthesia machine

1. Oxygen System

2. Vaporizer System

3. Breathing System(s)

4. Scavenger System

what is this whole thing. then what is the grey knob

oxygen flowmeter, flush valve

tank pressure gauge

tank wrench

what is the gauge thing and what is the gray thing

tank pressure gauge, pressure reducing valve

right to left

pressure reducing valve, tank pressure gauge

O2 valve knob

left to right

plug indicator, ball indicator

what are these measured in left to right

liters, milliliters

what is this

vaporizer

top right to left. then bottom right to left

inlet valve, outlet valve, lock, dial knob

what are these and what do each use

vaporizers. purple:isoflurane yellow:sevoflurane

Maintenance for isoflurane

1.5-2.5%

right to left

fill window, fill aperture

short acting iso

4-5%

pre anesthetics with induction agent iso

2-3%

active scavenger system

F/air canister: passive scavenger system

order of operations when connecting a patient

Have a flow meter at 2 L before hooking up the patient

Hook the capnograph to the ET tube

Turn on ISO 

Pulse ox- tongue thing. Black on the bottom of the tongue (or light on the bottom of the tongue), white on top  (use wet gauze)

Put an electrocardiograph on the patient- use alcohol to wetten spot

• White is right (right arm)

• Black left arm (smoke over fire)

• Red left leg

Blood pressure cuff on- either arm. Tubing not bent-toward monitor 

PUSH BP BUTTON WHEN CONNECT

how to sign breath

close pop off valve: let fill or if filled then squeeze to 20. (cats you only want to do it twice then open pop off valve)

how to do a leak check

Close pop off valve

Plug the end of the hose with your hand

Turn the flow meter on and wait for the bag to fill 

Turn off the flow meter 

Squeeze the bag and listen 

Open pop off valve

what does a tank pressure gauge do

It’s attached to all tanks. It determines if the tank is open or not (measures in PSI)

What does flush valve do

Push to see if any O2 is left in the system, pay attention to the pressure gauge.

It’s a button or lever that rapidly delivers O2 into the breathing circuit by passing the vaporizer and flowmeter. This dilutes the concentration of gas anesthetics in the resivoir bag

what does a pressure reducing valve do

reduces the pressure from the O2 tank

what does the oxygen flowmeter do

its used to determine a set amount of oxygen to patient. it has a indicator (ball or plug)

what is a valve knob

when turned on O2 comes from the bottom of flowmeter and exits out the top

what does a monometer do

An instrument used to measure and indicate pressure

what does a vaporizer do

converts liquid anesthetic to gaseous state

what is an inlet valve (from vaporizer)

allows O2 from flowmeter into vaporizer

what is an outlet valve (from vaporizer)

Mixed gases leave the vaporizer via the outlet valve. moves the mixed gases into the breathing circuit

What is a dial knob on vaporizer

turns on vaporizer

what is the fill window used for

allows you to see where anesthetic gas level is at on the gas machine (fill to the line)

what is the fill aperture used for

where you pour the anesthetic gas into the vaporizer

what is the inspiratory unidirectional valve

this opens to allow the mixed gases to enter the inspiratory breathing hose

what is the inspiratory breathing hose conneciton

This tube carries the mixed gases to the animal as it inhales. The animal exhales through the expiatory breathing hose

what is the expiratory unidirectional valve

Upon exhalation this valve opens and dumps into the soda lime canister

what is the soda lime canister

absorbs the CO2 and allows O2 and gas to pass into the reservoir bag

What is the reservoir bag

holds some “old” gas mixture and some “new” gas mixture (the “old comes from gas that has passed through soda lime)

what is a breathing hose

The hoses are designed to help keep the patient warmer by running exhaled gases out around the inhaled gas mixture. This increases humidity as well

what is the scavenger/pop off valve

carries gas to the ventilation system and out of the room (can be wide, semi-open, or closed when using the rebreathing system)

what is the negative pressure relief valve

designed to allow room air into the system if O2 tank should run dry or the flow meter is set too low. its a saftey mechanism

what is the monometer

used to make sure pressure doesn’t get too high

what do scaveneger systems collect

waste anesthetic gas

what O2 tank do we use

E tank

how much pressure is in a full O2 tank

2,000psi

what does the pressure reducing valve reduce the 2,000psi to

40-50psi. then the flow meter reduces it to 15psi

when do we replace the O2 tank

500psi

when dowe change the F/Air canister

when the amount increases by 50 grams

Cats ET tube size

1-2.5kg= 2.5-3.0mm

3-4kg= 3.5-4mm

5+kg= 4.5-5mm

dog ET tube size chart

2kg= 5.0mm

3.5kg=5.5mm

4.5kg=6mm

6kg=6.6mm

8kg=7mm

10kg=7.5mm

12kg=8mm

14kg=8.5mm

16kg=9mm

18kg=9.5mm

20kg=10mm

25kg=11mm

30kg=12mm

40-60kg=14-16mm

how else to measure correct ET size

tip of nose to tip of shoulder

and put a beveled end to the nostrils

when do we use macro drip set and what measured in

20lbs and up (10gtt/mL)

when do we use micro drip set and what measured in

less then 20lbs (60gtt/mL)

where do you put IV tubing when tubing a cat vs dog

cat: behind ears

dog:around canines