Chapter 8 Medical Terminology

oophor(o) & ovari(o)

ovaries

salping(o)

fallopian tubes

hyster(o), uter(o)

uterus

colp(o), vagin(o)

vagina

cervic(o)

uterine cervix

volv(o)

vulva

men(o)

month

lapar(o)

abdominal wall

o(o)

egg, ovum

top(o)

place or position

metr(o)

uterine tissue (or measure)

-tropin

that which stimulates

-an, -ile

belonging or pertaining to

orirch(o), orchid(o), test(o), testicul(o)

testes

pen(o)

penis

prostat(o)

prostate

scrot(o)

scrotum

vas(o)

vas deferens

epididym(o)

epididymis

balan(o)

glans penis

semin(o)

semen

sperm(o), spermat(o)

spermatozoa

amni(o)

amnion

chori(o)

chorion

fet(o)

fetus

gonad(o)

gonad

secondi-

second

-blast

embryonic or immature

nat(o)

birth

par(o)

bearing offspring

tert(i)

third

pseudo-

false

-cyesis

pregnancy

-gravida

pregnant

-para

having given birth

CS

cesarean section

Cx

cervix

EDD

expected date of delivery

FHR

fetal heart rate

GYN

gynecology

HPV

human papillomavirus

HRT

hormone replacement therapy

IUD

intrauterine device

OB

obstetrics

Pap (smear)

Papanicolaou

PSA

prostate-specific antigen

STD/STI

sexually transmitted diseases/infection

What are the main features of the female reproductive system? What is the basic function of each?

Ovaries (female gonads): Produce the oocytes and some reproductive hormones

Fallopian tubes: a “tunnel” for the ova from the ovaries to the uterus

Uterus: Holds and nurtures the developing fetus

Cervix: Widens to allow a baby to pass through during childbirth

Vagina: Connects the cervix to the external environment; important for menstruation, intercourse, and birth

Which various “-scopies” can be used to identify problems associated with the female reproductive system?

Colposcopy, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy…

◦ Reminder: Colp(o) = vagina, hyster(o) = uterus, lapar(o) =

abdominal wall

Know the definition of the pathologies of the female reproductive system

Menorrhea: Heavy bleeding during menstruation

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): bloating, headaches, mood swings

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): cysts on ovaries that cause infertility

◦ caused by hormonal disturbance

Ovarian, uterine, and cervical cancer

Ectopic pregnancy: fetus develops outside the uterus

◦ Methotrexate is taken if caught early, otherwise surgery

Endometriosis: endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, diagnosed via laparoscopy

 pain, scarring, infertility

Know the therapeutic interventions of the female reproductive system

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT): Treatment with

hormones when the body stops making enough,

usually in menopause

Hysterectomy: Removal of uterus

Colpoplasty: Vaginal reconstruction or repair

Oophoropexy: Fixation of ovaries prone to twisting

Tubal ligation (A.K.A. “having one’s tubes tied”):

Blocking/severing of the fallopian tubes

Salpingectomy: Removal of uterine tube(s)

Salpingostomy: Create a new opening into uterine

tube

Where is sperm produced? How does it get from its production location to the urinary meatus?

What is a digital rectal examination? What tests can be used to diagnose issues with the male reproductive system?

Physical Assessment

 Inspection of external genitalia

 Palpation for inguinal hernias

 Digital rectal examination (DRE) (A.K.A. prostate

exam) to assess prostate and rectum

Laboratory Tests

 Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: Blood test for

prostate cancer

 Prostate biopsy: remove tissue from prostate for

testing for prostate cancer

 Sperm count: number, appearance, and motility

Where does fertilization occur? After fertilization, where does the blastocyst implant itself?

Fertilization in the fallopian tubes

Implantation of blastocyst into endometrium

What’s the difference between ‘para’ and ‘gravida’? How can we use prefixes to change their meanings?

Gravida: Number of pregnancies

◦ Gravida I = primigravida = female during 1st pregnancy

◦ Gravida II = multigravida = female during subsequent pregnancies

Para: Number of pregnancies reaching viable gestational age (able to survive

outside of womb; ~24 weeks)

◦ Para I (or primipara): 1st pregnancy with viable offspring

◦ Para II (or secundipara): subsequent pregnancies producing viable offspring

What are the four steps of childbirth?