Physics : Ultimate Review Guide
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22 Terms
Directly Proportional
When two quantities increase or decrease together.
Inversely Proportional
When one quantity increases while the other decreases.
1st Law of Motion
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Inertia
An object’s resistance to change.
Acceleration (1st Law)
Directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass (2nd Law of Motion).
Momentum
Inertia in motion, represented as p=mv.
Coulomb's Law
Electrical forces of two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Electric Field
The area surrounding a charged object where it exerts a force on other charges.
Elastic Collisions
Total kinetic energy is conserved; objects collide and don’t stick together.
Inelastic Collisions
Total kinetic energy is not conserved; objects collide and stick together.
Hooke's Law
Extension of a spring is directly proportional to the amount of force applied to it.
Work-Energy Theorem
The net work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.
Wave Speed Equation
Wave speed is given by v = λf, where λ is wavelength and f is frequency.
Mechanical Energy
Energy due to motion or the position/shape of an object.
Kinetic Energy Formula
KE = 1/2 mv², where m is mass and v is velocity.
Gravitational Potential Energy
Stored energy by virtue of position in a gravitational field, given by GPE = mgh.
Resistance
The slowing down of current flow in a material due to interactions between moving electrons and atoms.
Series Circuit
A circuit configuration with one pathway for electricity to flow.
Parallel Circuit
A circuit configuration with multiple pathways for electricity to flow.
Power in a Circuit
Power is calculated as P = IV, where I is current and V is voltage.
Law of Reflection
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
The range of electromagnetic waves organized by increasing frequency.