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What are the two primary indications for administering acetaminophen (Tylenol)?
Analgesic for treating pain and antipyretic for treating fever.
What is the mechanism of action of acetaminophen?
It inhibits the production of prostaglandins in the central nervous system.
Why are prostaglandins important in the context of acetaminophen?
Prostaglandins play a role in transmitting pain and fever responses in the body.
What type of patients are generally good candidates for acetaminophen instead of NSAIDs?
Patients with bleeding disorders or gastric ulcers.
What are some contraindications for administering acetaminophen?
Hepatic or renal disease, hypersensitivity to acetaminophen, alcohol abuse, and interactions with Warfarin.
How long does it typically take for acetaminophen administered intravenously to alleviate pain or fever?
15 to 30 minutes.
What is the recommended maximum daily dosage of acetaminophen for adults?
4 grams daily.
What should the maximum daily dosage of acetaminophen be for alcoholics?
2 grams daily.
What are some common side effects of acetaminophen?
Headache, sweating, nausea, vomiting, rash, abdominal pain, dark urine.
What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?
Acetylcysteine.
When should a patient seek help if using acetaminophen for pain or fever?
After 10 days of continuous use for adults; 3 to 5 days for pediatrics.
What is the function of activated charcoal in the case of acetaminophen overdose?
It inhibits the absorption of acetaminophen from the stomach.
What vital signs should be monitored after administering acetaminophen?
Temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and lung sounds.
What lab tests should be monitored in patients receiving acetaminophen?
AST and ALT (liver enzymes).
What potential severe side effects can occur with acetaminophen toxicity?
Coma, death, and kidney or liver issues.
What should a nurse do if a patient appears altered or confused after acetaminophen overdose?
Consider gastric lavage to remove unabsorbed acetaminophen.
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