Gastroenterology and Adult Health I Lecture Flashcards

Flashcards covering gastrointestinal disorders, including GERD, PUD, hiatal hernias, IBD, obesity, gastric surgery care, and gallbladder disease based on lecture notes.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

The primary factor in the development of GERD is an __________ lower esophageal sphincter.

24-hr pH monitoring

While GERD is usually a clinical diagnosis, the gold standard diagnostic test is __________.

Barrett esophagus (BE)

A complication of chronic GERD is __________, which is a precancerous lesion where flat epithelial cells change into columnar epithelial cells.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Patients with GERD should be taught to sleep with the head of the bed elevated on __________ blocks or pillows.

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

The most common cause of Peptic Ulcer Disease is __________ infection.

Gastric Ulcers

Pain associated with __________ ulcers typically occurs $1-2$ hours after meals and is aggravated by food.

Duodenal Ulcers

Pain associated with __________ ulcers typically occurs $2-5$ hours after meals and is relieved by food or antacids.

Perforation

A nurse should monitor a PUD patient for a sudden, severe pain and a __________ abdomen, which indicates the complication of perforation.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Testing

For urea breath or stool testing to be accurate, the patient must not be on PPIs for __________ weeks prior to testing.

Hiatal Hernia

An acute __________ hiatal hernia is considered a medical emergency.

Nissen fundoplication

The gold standard surgical procedure for GERD and hiatal hernia, where the fundus is wrapped around the distal esophagus, is called __________.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A BMI of $25-29.9\,kg/m^2$ is classified as __________, while a BMI of $\ge 30\,kg/m^2$ is classified as obese.

Obesity Health Risks

Health risks increase when waist circumference is greater than $40$ inches in men and greater than __________ inches in women.

Crohn's Disease

The type of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) that can affect any part of the GI tract and is characterized by __________ is Crohn's Disease.

Ulcerative Colitis (UC)

The hallmark primary symptom of Moderate to Severe __________ is bloody diarrhea.

C. Difficile

Spores of C. Difficile can survive for up to __________ days on objects such as commodes and bedside tables.

C. Difficile Treatment

The primary medications used to treat C. Diff are oral __________ and fidaxomicin.

NG Tube Management

Following gastric surgery, the nurse should immediately report bright red NG tube drainage that exceeds __________ mL/hr.

Anastomotic Leak

A surgical emergency after gastric surgery characterized by tachycardia, dyspnea, fever, and abdominal pain is an __________.

Early Dumping Syndrome

Symptoms of __________ dumping syndrome occur within $30-60$ minutes of eating and are caused by a rapid fluid shift from the bloodstream into the intestinal lumen.

Late Dumping Syndrome

Late dumping syndrome occurs $1-3$ hours after a meal and is primarily due to __________.

Dumping Syndrome Prevention

To prevent dumping syndrome, patients should avoid drinking __________ with meals.

Biliary Colic

The hallmark symptom of cholelithiasis is __________, which is severe, steady RUQ pain that often radiates to the right shoulder or scapula.

Common Bile Duct Obstruction

Clinical signs for common bile duct obstruction include jaundice, dark urine, and __________ stools.

Murphy's sign

Pain and inspiratory arrest on deep palpation of the RUQ during a deep breath is known as __________.

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

After a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, patients may experience right shoulder pain due to irritation of the __________ nerve by residual $CO_2$ gas.

T-Tube (Transhepatic Biliary Catheter)

Bile drained via a T-tube is rich in electrolytes, including sodium ($Na^+$), potassium ($K^+$), and __________ ($HCO_3^-$).

Postcholecystectomy Syndrome

Postcholecystectomy syndrome, affecting $5-10\%$ of patients, includes symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and __________.