Chemistry Final

What are the pressures from lowest to greatest: What pressure is sea level at?

Highest level

What are the pressures from lowest to greatest: What pressure half way up a mountain?

intermediate pressure

What are the pressures from lowest to greatest: What pressure is at the peak of the mountain?

Lowest Pressure

What is the standard pressure of atm?

1 atm

What is atmospheric pressure in torr if the measured atmopsheric pressure is reported at 560.5 mm Hg?

560.5 torr

What is the standard pressure of mm Hg?

760 mm Hg

What is the standard pressure of torr?

760 torr?

What is the standard pressure of mbar?

1013.25 mbar

What is the standard pressure of x 10^5 Pa?

1.01325 × 10^5 Pa

What is the standard pressure of psi?

14.696 psi

What is the standard pressure of in Hg?

29.92 in Hg

What is atmospheric pressure in torr if the measured atmospheric pressure is reported as 560.5 mm Hg?

560.5 torr

What is the atmospheric pressure in mm Hg if the measured atmospheric is reported as 28.6 Hg?

726.5 mm Hg

What is the atmospheric pressure in atm if the measured atmospheric pressure is reported as 768.9 mm Hg?

1.0 atm

What does each effect have on specific variable if in piston?: The effect on pressure when more gas molecules are added with the volume and temperature held constant.

Increased.

What does each effect have on specific variable if in piston?: The effect on pressure when the temperature is increased with volume and number of molecules of gas held constant.

increased

What does each effect have on specific variable if in piston?: The effect on pressure when the volume is increased with the temperature and number of molecules of gas held constant.

Decrease.

What does each effect have on specific variable if in piston?: The effect on volume when the number of molecules of gas is increased with the pressure and temperature held constant.

Increase.

What does each effect have on specific variable if in piston?: The effect on volume when the temperature is decreased with the pressure and number of moles of gas held constant?

Decreased.

The effect on pressure when more gas molecules are added with the volume and temperature held constant.

None.

The effect on pressure when the temperature is increased with the volume and number of molecules of gas held constant.

Charles.

The effect on pressure when the volume is increased with the temperature and number of molecules of gas held constant.

Boyles Law

The effect on volume when the number of molecules of gas is increased with the pressure and temperature held constant.

Avogardos Law

The effect on volume when the temperature is decreased with the pressure and number of moles of gas held constant.

Charles Law

What is the ideal gas law equation?

PV=nRT; P is pressure (atm), V is volume (L), n is mol, R is 0.08205 L/mol*k, T is temperature in kelvin

Find L if R is 0.08206, n is 1 mol, P is 1 atm, and T is 273. (Rewite the ideal Gas Law Equation)

22.40238 L

What Would 22.40238 in volume be labeled as?

Liters.

Find n if V is 0.508 L, P is 3.54 atm, T is 293 K, and R is 0.08206

0.0748 mol

What should 0.0748 be labeled as for n?

mols.

Review Lab 3 as it is a review

Review lab 3 as it is a review.

London dispersion forces

formation of instantaneous dipoles due to the motion of electrons in their orbitals. This force is present in all atoms, ions, and molecules but is only significant for neutral species that lack a permanent dipole and/or cannot hydrogen bond.

Dipole-dipole forces

occur between all molecules possessing a permanent dipole. Related to this molecular dipoles can induce neutral atoms and molecules to form instantaneous dipoles. In a given molecule this force is stronger than the molecule's London dispersion forces and if the molecule can hydrogen bond as well, it will be weaker than the hydrogen bonding interactions.

Dipole-ion forces

molecules possessing a dipole will also interact strongly with ions (monopoles).

Dipole-induced dipole forces

molecules which possess a permanent dipole can induce nonpolar molecules to form an instantaneous dipole which will then interact with the permanent dipole of the first molecule.

Hydrogen bonding interactions

these are limited to a hydrogen atom (covalently bound to one of the atoms N, O, F) being weakly attracted to another N, O, F atoms, which itself has one or more H atoms covalently bonded to it. For a molecule, hydrogen bonding will be stronger than its dipole-dipole interactions or London dispersion force interactions, if another hydrogen bonding molecule is available for interaction. Chose the intermolecular force(s) involved the interaction of the following two molecules.

If a large amount of a slightly soluble compound is added to a solvent, what is the expected outcome?

A small amount of the compound will dissolve into the solvent forming a solution but a larger amount of the compound will not dissolve into the solvent.

What happens to the density of a pure solid when that solid is separated into two unequal proportions?

Nothing, the density is a ratio that is constant for a pure solid regardless of the amount of the solid.

What is the most commonly used unit of density for solids and liquids in your textbook?

g/cm³ (which is same as g/mL and g/cc)

How is the mass of a substance related to the number of moles of that substance?

moles= mass/molecular mass

The density of pure water is known to be 1.000 g/mol at 4ºC, what is the molarity of pure water at that temperature?

55.56 mol/liters

What happens to the concentration of a pure solid when that solid is divided into two unequal portions?

Nothing the concentration of a pure solid is constant, therefore any amount of pure solid will have the same concentration as any other amount.

What is the Ksp formula for Ca(OH)(s)>Ca²+ + 2OH^-(aq)

Ksp+[Ca²+][OH^-]²

What visual clue can be used to determine if a solution of a compound is saturated?

A precipitate may form at the bottom of the solution’s container

What are the expected products of the neutralization reaction of NaOH(aq) and HCl (aq)?

H2O (l) and NaCl(aq)

What are the expected products of the neutralization reaction of OH^- (aq) and H^+(aq)?

H2O (l)

How many moles of OH^- (aq) can be neutralized by 13 mL of 0.14 M H^+ (aq)?

0.00182

What does Er stand for?

Total potential energy of reactants

What does Ea stand for?

The activation energy of the reaction

What does delta H mean in Kinetics

The change in enthalpy of the reaction

What does Ep mean in kinetics?

The total potential energy of product

What is the Arrhenius Equation?

K=Ae^-(Ea/RT)

What is the arrhenius equation used for?

used to determine the effect of a change of temperature on the rate constant, and consequently on the rate of the reaction

In Arrhenius Equation: What is K

rate constant

In Arrhenius Equation: What is e

A constant, the base of the natural logarithm

In Arrhenius Equation: What is Ea

activation energy

In Arrhenius Equation: What is T

temperature

In Arrhenius Equation: What is R

Gas constant

In Arrhenius Equation: What is A

Frequency Factor

What should What unit should be used for temperature for Arrhenius Equation?

K (Kelvin)

What should gas constant be for Arrhenius Equation? (In kJ/mol)

0.0083145 kJ/mol

Based on the Arrhenius equation, as the temperature at which a particular reaction occurs, how are the rate constant and the rate of reaction at the temperature expected to respond.

Both rate constant and the rates are expected to increase with increasing temperature

What common equation given in mathematics for linear x y relationships

y=mx+b

Comparing Linear Arrhenius equation to y=mx+b, what are common in both equations: y

lnk

Comparing Linear Arrhenius equation to y=mx+b, what are common in both equations: m

-Ea/R

Comparing Linear Arrhenius equation to y=mx+b, what are common in both equations: b

1/T

Comparing Linear Arrhenius equation to y=mx+b, what are common in both equations: x

lnA

What is the linear Arrhenius equation?

lnk=-(Ea/R) (1/T)+ln A

Given this description of internal energy and heat flow for an exothermic reaction, which of the following is the best description of an endothermic reaction?

During an endothermic reaction, heat flowing into the system is used to raise the internal energy by increasing the total bonding and intermolecular interaction energies

For the reaction: HCl (aq) + NH3 (aq) > NH4+ (aq) + Cl^- (aq)

Kc=[NH4+][Cl]/[HCl][NH3]

Methanol is produced by the reaction: CO(g) + 2 H2(g) = CH3OH (g)

At 500l, in a particular reaction mixture, analysis determined the equilbrium concentrations to be [CH3OH]= 0.0203M, [CO]= 0.085M and [H2]= 0.151M What is the numerical value?

10.474

For a reaction where K value is greater than 1, are the equilibrium concentrations greater for the products or for the reactants?

The equilibrium concentrations are greater for the product than for the reactants when K>1

What does the terms pA, pB, pC, and pD mean?

The terms refer to the partial pressures of the gaseous reactants and products in an appropriate unit of gas pressure (atm, mm Hg, torr, Kpa, etc.)

aA+bB>cC+dD

Which side represents the reactants and what is implied by the double arrow in the balanced reaction?

The reactants are on the left, the double arrow means the forward and reverse reaction rates are equaled

What will happen to the concentration of each reactant and product when the rates of the forward reaction and reverse reaction are equal?

The concentrations of the reactants and the products will step changing when the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.

Kc=[C]^c[D]^d/[A]^a[B]^b

What is the meaning of the square bracket around the upper case characters and from where do the powers a, b, c, and d come?

the square bracket around the upper case characters represents the molar concentration of the particular reactant or product and the powers are the same as the coefficents in the balanced reaction

In any equilibrium constant expression which terms in the numerator and which are in the denominator?

Products are the numerator, reactants are the denominator

What do the characters a, b, c, and d represent and what do the characters A, B, C, and D represent?

The lower case characters represent the coefficients of the reactants and products in a balanced reaction and the upper case characters represent the formulas of the reactants and products in a balanced reaction

For the reaction: N2O4 (g)> 2 NO2 (g)

Based a correct equilibrium constant value as calculated above, does the reaction favor products or reactions?

The reaction favors the reactant

What is the calculated equilibrium constant for the reaction if N2O4= 1.614 atm NO2= 0.545 atm

0.184

For the reaction 2C8H18(g)+ 25) (g)> 16 CO2 + 18H2O

Kc=[CO2]^16 [H2O]^18/ [C8H18]² [O2]25 or Kp= P16 CO2 P18 H2O/ P2C2H18 P25O2

What is the most logical meaning of the term ionization reaction?

A chemical species reacts such that ionic products form

For the following reaction identify the acid and base reactants and the conjugate acid/base: HC2H3O2 (aq) + NH3 (aq) > C2H3O2- (aq) + NH4+ (aq): Whats HC2H3O2 (aq)

Acid

For the following reaction identify the acid and base reactants and the conjugate acid/base: HC2H3O2 (aq) + NH3 (aq) > C2H3O2- (aq) + NH4+ (aq): Whats NH3 (aq)

Base

For the following reaction identify the acid and base reactants and the conjugate acid/base: HC2H3O2 (aq) + NH3 (aq) > C2H3O2- (aq) + NH4+ (aq): Whats C2H3O2- (aq)

Conjugate Base

For the following reaction identify the acid and base reactants and the conjugate acid/base: HC2H3O2 (aq) + NH3 (aq) > C2H3O2- (aq) + NH4+ (aq): Whats NH4+ (aq)

Conjugate Acid

T/F If it loses H it is acid, If it gains H it is a base

True

For the following reaction identify the acid and base reactants and the conjugate acid/base: NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) > NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq): Whats NH3 (aq)

A Base

For the following reaction identify the acid and base reactants and the conjugate acid/base: NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) > NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq): Whats H2O (l)

A Acid

For the following reaction identify the acid and base reactants and the conjugate acid/base: NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) > NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq): Whats NH4+ (aq)

An Conjugate Acid

For the following reaction identify the acid and base reactants and the conjugate acid/base: NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) > NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq): Whats OH- (aq)

Conjugate Base

What be the value of Ka if the concentration of HA is very small at equilibrium?

A small equilibrium concentration of HA will result in a large value of Ka

If a product is equal to 0.153 to a Ka of 2.00×10^6 what is the concentration

1.17×10^-8

What are the seven strongest acids?

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4 (first proton) HClO3

What is the pH of a solution that contains 0.023 M

1.6

What is the M of a solution with a pH of 2.56

0.003

What is the pH of a 0.67 M HCl solution?

0.17

What acids are the weakest?

HClO, HSO4-, HCN, H3PO4 (1st Proton), NH4+, and HF

What is the thernometer considered as during an exothermic reaction?

part of surroundings

True or False A solid and liquid can not be in a equilibrium expression

T

WHich of the following would be the best simple definition for the enthalpy change of a reaction, delta H rxn?

The heat flow into or out of a reacting system at constant pressure