forensics - ch 6 fingerprints

arch

a fingerprint pattern in which the ridge pattern originates from one side of the print and leaves from the other side

core

a center of a loop or whorl

delta

a triangular ridge pattern with ridges that go in different directions above and below a triangle

latent fingerprint

a hidden fingerprint made visible through the use of powders or other techniques

fingerprint

an impression left on any surface that consists of patterns made by the ridges on the finger

loop

a fingerprint pattern in which the ridge pattern flows inward and returns in the direction of the origin

minutiae

the combination of small details in the shapes and positions of ridges in fingerprints that make each unique; also called ridge characteristicsp

patent fingerprint

a visible fingerprint that happens when fingers with blood, ink, or some other substance on them touch a surface and transfer the pattern of their fingerprint to the surface

plastic fingerprint

a 3d fingerprint made in soft material such as clay, soap, or putty

ridge pattern

the recognizable pattern of the ridges found in the end joints of fingers that form lines on the surfaces of objects in a fingerprint. they fall into three categories: arches, loops, and whorls (class evidence)

ten card

a form used to record and preserve a person's fingerprints

whorl

a fingerprint pattern that resembles a bull's-eye

a full fingerprint is an individual characteristic; no two full fingerprints have yet been found to posses identical ridge characteristics

what is the first principle?

a fingerprint will remain unchanged during an individual's lifetime

what is the second principle?

fingerprints have general ridge pattern that permit them to be systematically classified

what is the third principle?

ACE-V
analysis, comparison, evaluation, and verification

a four-step process to identify and individualize a fingerprint