AC 3.3: Examine the limitations of agencies in achieving social control

What is reoffending?

It is a dominant feature of the UK’s justice landscape, with profound financial and social costs.

How much money a year does reoffending by adult offenders cost?

£22.7 billion

What is the percentage of the likelihood of reoffending for people with short sentences?

61% in 2021 (adults).

How does reoffending cause a revolving door effect?

It make prisons become a temporary holding pen rather than a place of reform.

What is the percentage of juveniles reoffending?

32.5%

What are the offences that have high offending rates?

• Drunk-driving.

• Drug-driving.

• General theft and acquisitive crime.

What are the factors that can have an impact on offenders?

• Health.

• Social

• Economic

What is likely to impact offenders when it comes to health?

They are more likely than the general public to face profound health challenges that fuel criminality.

What are the three examples of health impacting offenders?

• Mental Health.

• Addiction.

• Systemic health barriers.

What is the percentage of prisoners needing mental health support?

70%

What is the percentage of prisoners having access to mental health support?

10%

What is likely to impact offenders when it comes to social and economic factors?

It becomes impossible for offenders to successfully integrate into society without stable income.

What are the examples of how offenders can struggle with when they integrate into society without stable foundation?

• Employment.

• Accommodation.

How is the CPS’s ability undermined when it comes to exert social control?

• It causes a lose of public confidence.

• Erosion of Deterrence.

What is a moral imperative?

A strong personal belief that they must act a certain way because it is morally right even if it breaks the law.

What must happen in order for the moral imperative to work?

The person must believe that what they are doing is the right thing and that they see themselves protecting others, helping societies or achieving justice.

What is viligantes?

It’s when someone takes the law into their own hands because they believe that the justice system is failing.

What is the name of the case study that is an example of Viligantes?

Tony Martin.

What is the case study of Tony Martins?

• He shot two burglars who broke into his farmhouse.

• He believes that he was right because he was defending his property and it was the moral duty to protect his home.

What are terrorists?

People who believe that their violence is morally justified because they think that they are fighting for a better cause.

What is the name of the case study that is an example of Terrorism?

The provisional Irish Republican Army during the troubles.

What is the case study of the IRA?

• They carries out bombings and shooting in the UK.

• They believed that it was right because they believed that they were fighting for Irish independence against British rule and that violence was justified to achieve political freedom.

What is mercy killing?

It’s when someone intentionally ends another person’s life to stop their suffering which is illegal and is treated as manslaughter or murder.

What is the name of the case study that is an example of Mercy Killing?

Francis Inglis.

What is the case study of Francis Inglis?

• She injected her severely brain-injured son with heroin while he was in hospital.

• She believed that she was right because her son was suffering and would never recover which made her think that it was her moral duty to end his suffering even though it is illegal.

Why can moral imperatives lead to a lack of social control?

Offenders believe that their actions are morally justified which causes their personal beliefs to override the law and may not feel guilty for actions. They may even receive moral support.

What are legal barriers?

They are laws and rules that limit what authorities can do when trying to prevent crime. It affects crime prevention because police and organisations must follow the law.

What are the examples of legal barriers?

• Search Warrants.

• Surveillance limits.

• Stops and search rules.

What are local and national policies?

They are nationwide policies that are tailored to specific communities.

What are the limitations of local and national policies?

• Focusing on one only crime while forgetting the others.

• Police only focusing on one crime which causes unreliable crime data.

• Leads to the dark figure of crime.

• Makes police prioritise certain crimes that they deem as more serious which makes them abandon some crimes.

What is an example of local and national policies being a limitation.

Conservative Government 2010-2015 promoting policies to tackle knife and gang crimes.