[PCOG-LEC-FIN-02-PT5] PEPTIDE HORMONES & THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

THIS FLASHCARD IS ABOUT [PCOG] PITUITARY GLAND (POSTERIOR).

Pituitary Gland

This part of the endocrine system is situated in a small cavity in the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull and is attached to the base of the brain by a short stalk.

1. Sphenoid bone

2. Short stalk

The pituitary gland is situated in a small cavity in the (1) ________ at the base of the skull and is attached to the base of the brain by a (2)_______.

Hypophysis

Pituitary Gland is also known as?

0.5g

The pituitary gland weighs how many grams?

Spinal Fluid

Galen considered the pituitary gland as the strainer for the?

Galen

Who considered the pituitary as the strainer of the spinal fluid?

1. Mucus

2. Nasopharynx

Vesalius later thought that the pituitary gland is a source of (1)_____ that lubricates the (2)________.

Vesalius

Who thought that the pituitary gland is a source of mucus that lubricates the nasopharynx?

1. Pituita

2. Slime or Mucus

The word “pituitary” is from the Latin word, “(1)_____” meaning (2)_____ or _____.

Anterior and Posterior Lobe

What are the (2) Glands of Pituitary Gland (by origin and function)?

Anterior Lobe

This lobe of the pituitary gland is derived from an outpouching from the primitive pharynx (ectodermal in origin).

1. Primitive pharynx

2. Ectodermal in origin

The anterior lobe is derived from an outpouching from the (2)_____ pharynx ((3)________ in origin)

Posterior Lobe

This lobe of the pituitary gland is derived from an outpouching of the base of the brain (neural in origin).

1. Base of the brain

2. Neural in origin

The posterior lobe is derived from an outpouching of the (1) base of the _____ ((2)_____ in origin)

1. Pressor effect

2. Smooth muscle

3. Antidiuretic action

The posterior pituitary gland exhibits the following effects:

• A (1)_____ effect

• Direct stimulation of (2)_____ muscle

• An (3)_____ action

• Oxytocin

• Vasopressin

What are the (2) Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary Gland?

Hint: O-Va

Oxytocin

This posterior pituitary gland hormone is the uterine-stimulating hormone that is relatively free from action on other smooth muscle.

• a-hypophamine

• Ocytocin

Oxytocin is also known as (2)?

Pregnant uterus

Oxytocin is especially active on the?

1. Uterine cell membranes

2. Sodium ion

3. Contracting myofibrils

Mechanism of Action: Oxytocin

It increases the permeability of (1)_____ cell membranes to (2)_____ ion with an effective augmentation of the (3) contracting _____.

• Uterine contraction

• Milk letdown

What are the (2) Other Functions of Oxytocin?

Hint: U-M

Syntocinon

What is the common brand name of oxytocin?

1. Oxytocic agent

2. Postpartum hemorrhage

3. Lactation

Uses of Oxytocin:

• Induction of labor as (1)_____ agent

• Management of (2) postpartum _____

• Initiation of (3)_____ or promotion of milk ejection

Nasal spray

Oxytocin (initiation of lactation) is available via what dosage form?

Uterine rupture

What is the adverse effect of oxytocin intake?

Nulliparous guinea pig

Bioassay for Oxytocin:

Chicken or uterus of?

Nulliparous

This is a medical term describing a female who has never given birth to a live baby.

Vasopressin

This posterior pituitary gland hormone is the antidiuretic principle; the pressor effects of this hormone are observed only when large quantities are administered.

• B-hypophamine

• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

• Arginine vasopressin

Vasopressin is also known as (3)?

Hint: BAA

1. Resorption of water

2. Epithelium

3. Renal tubules

Function of Vasopressin:

Regulates the threshold for (1) resorption of _____ by the (2)_____ of the (3)_____ tubules.

Diabetes insipidus

What is the deficiency state of vasopressin?

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH

What is the excess state of vasopressin?

Tasteless urine

Diabetes insipidus is also known as the?

SIADH

This causes the body to retain too much water.

Hint: Excess state of vasopressin

• Lypressin

• Desmopressin

What are the (2) Synthetic Products of Vasopressin?

Hint: Ly-De

Lypressin

This synthetic product of vasopressin is located in the posterior lobe of the hog pituitary gland.

Lysine-vasopressin

Lypressin is also known as?

Arginine vasopressin (AVP)

Lypressin is more stable than?

1. Nasal spray

2. Diabetes insipidus

Lypressin is available in (1)_____ spray for the treatment of (2)__________.

Desmopressin

This synthetic product of vasopressin is the synthetic analog of AVP.

• Very little undesirable pressor effect of the parent hormone.

• Relatively long duration of action.

Synthetic analog of AVP

Desmopressin is the synthetic analog of?